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Application server Internet Backend system
What Is TCP/IP?
The Internet Protocol, or IP, manages the routing of network transmissions from sender to receiver, along with issues related to network and computer addresses, and much more
A working understanding of where TCP/IP comes from, and what motivated its original design, can enhance ones understanding of this essential collection of protocols (often called a protocol suite)
A TCP/IP Chronology
TCP/IP didnt really appear on the scene until the 1970s and early 1980s
The original Internet (notice the initial capital letter) helped establish a model for a network composed of other networks The term internetwork (notice the lack of an initial capital letter) refers to a single logical network composed of multiple physical networks, which may all be at a single physical location, or spread among multiple physical locations.
A TCP/IP Chronology
In 1983, the Defense Communications Agency (DCA), now known as the Defense Information Systems Agency, or DISA) took over operation of the ARPANET from DARPA (Defense Research Projects Agency, a.k.a. ARPA)
The Internet and TCP/IP enjoyed a series of events and firsts that ultimately resulted in the global Internet as we know it today
A TCP/IP Chronology
Here are some additional highlights of that history:
1986: The National Science Foundation (NFS) launches a long-haul, high-speed network, known as NSFNET, that creates a network backbone running at 56 Kbps. NSF also imposed a set of policies, known as the Acceptable Use Policies (AUPs) 1987: Number of hosts on the Internet breaks 10,000
A TCP/IP Chronology
1990: ARPANET ceases doing business under that name, and commercial, academic, government, and communications company operations begin supporting the Internet as a cooperative venture Work begins in earnest on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the notion of the Worldwide Web is born at Centre European Researche Nucleaire (CERN) 1991: The Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX), a consortium of Internet operators, system providers, and other commercial operations with Internet interests, is formed
A TCP/IP Chronology
1991: Thinking Machines Corporation releases the Wide Area Information Service (WAIS), a TCP/IP-based protocol and service University of Minnesota releases Gopher, a TCP/IP-based protocol that not only allows searching of text-based archives and other data types online, but also links all such archives together into a single virtual information universe known as Gopherspace 1992: The Internet Society (ISOC) is chartered
A TCP/IP Chronology
1993: The Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) is chartered to manage domain names 1994: U.S. Senate and House of Representatives establish information servers on the Internet
1995: Netscape launches Netscape Navigator and begins the commercialization of the Web
1996: Microsoft launches Internet Explorer Web browser, even though Netscape dominates the Web browser marketplace
The standards groups that are involved with TCP/IP are as follows:
Internet Society (ISOC)
2. Routing
These two transport protocols come in two flavors: connection-oriented and connectionless, whereby TCP is connection-oriented, and UDP is connectionless
But some services (Network File System, NFS) often use USP for transport