Created By : RAJA HAFIZI B. RAJA JAAFAR NASRUL MUHAIMIN B.

JURDI

David Ausubel
David P. Ausubel, an educational psychologist, suppported the theory that pupils form and organise knowledge by themselves. This knowledge is structured as a frame work which associates specific structures. Emphasized the importance of verbal learning or language-related learning which he considers to be very effective for pupils of the age 11 or 12 and above.

 For Ausubel, the main factor that influences learning is what is already known to the pupils. Thus, it is necessary for the teacher to identify the existing knowledge of pupils before teaching them based on whatever knowledge they already have. To ensure meaningful teaching, it is necessary to avoid rote memorising of facts. Pupils need to manipulate ideas

Types of learning
1) Meaningful expository learning 2) Meaningful reception learning

TYPE OF LEARNING MEANINGFUL EXPOSITORY LEARNING

The teacher is responsible to expose learning materials meaningfully so that pupils may follow and understand the concepts taught. To produce a meaningful expository lesson for pupils, David Ausubel propose -teacher uses an advanced organizer.

 An advance organiser is the introductory information relevant to the content that is to be presented to pupils. This organiser presents an over view of the information to be covered in detail during the exposition that follows.

WHAT IS AN ADVANCE ORGANISER

Types of Advance Organiser: 1)Exposition 2)Comparison

Type of Advance Organiser -Exposition

While presenting new material to the pupils, the teacher can use an advance organiser of the exposition type at the beginning of the lesson. Presents several encompassing generalisation detailed contents will be added later. The teacher states the matters that will be considered and list in the

Type of Advance Organiser -Comparison Useful when the knowledge is new to pupils. In many cases, the pupils knowledge similar to the new information. Comparative organiser compares new material with knowledge already known by emphasizing the similarities.

 Much teaching can take place successfully through an expository process that brings about reception learning. Effective problem-solving and discovery would succeed better after children had learnt & understood basic concepts.

TYPE OF LEARNING 2) Meaningful Reception Learning

 Discovery learning took up excessive time as children need to learn a wide range of science concepts in a short period. Primary School : - should carry out as many hand-on learning activities as possible. Secondary School : - he suggest increasing the use explanation, demonstration, diagram and illustration by the teacher.

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