NAZATUL SHIMA | NUR AFIQAH | NILOFER NISA | RAUDHAH

INTRODUCTION OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND ITS WORKING PRINCIPLES

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

APPLICATION OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM IN AIRCRAFT

FAILURES, REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM AIRCRAFT MALFUCTION DUE TO PROMBLEMS IN PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

units and components which

WHAT IS PNEUMATIC SYSTEM?

deliver large volumes of compressed air from a power source to connecting points for other systems such as air conditioning, pressurization, de-icing , etc.

In aircraft : -mostly used in small aircraft.

- to transmit energy to do mechanical work. -Same as hydraulic system. Generally : -Train doors, - mechanical clamps -Transmit energy to aircraft control surface -Gyro systems in cockpit -pressurization and deicing. -Hydraulic system. backup

 Can hold back 5000 psi of air. Only let an enough air to other components. Generally have a purge valve to allow you to purge all of the air out of a pressurized tank. There are many shapes and sizes. High pressure the system was designed for a specific pressure. High flow rate - once the pneumatic piston fires, probably want to reload as fast as possible to fire again.

SIGN OF PNEUMATIC FAILURE

SYSTEM FAILURE ALERTS

CAUSE OF PNEUMATIC FAILURE

AVOID SPATIAL DISORENTA TION

ACCIDENTS HISTORY

BUT WE KNOW WHEN ::

Suction/pressure gauge indicates outside the normal operating range Inaccurate/conflicting Instrument information

Determined by the indications on either the vacuum gauge or flags on the attitude indicator

Loose fitting or damaged hoses

Sudden engine stoppage

Contamination

Abrupt engine deceleration

Worn out, misused, or incorrectly routed hoses

Install a backup power supply

Notify ATC of the situation and declare an emergency

If in IMC, consider flying toward the closest VMC

Keep the suction gauge in instrument scan

Turns using the heading indicator

Check the weather at the nearest airport using precision instrument approach

Proficient at partial panel flying

Cover up inoperative instruments during a failure

Ask ATC for a no gyro approach

Instrument meteorological conditions( IMC ) , weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by instruments Visual meteorological conditions( VMC ) , an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules flight is permitted

RARE, BUT SOMETIMES FATAL, ACCIDENTS National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) - Reported Air Pump/System failure as a factor in an average of TWO ACCIDENTS PER
YEAR over the past eight years.

Helios Airway Flight 522 No Oxygen Disaster

Before take-off, crew failed to correctly set pressurization system. This cause, all crews and passengers on board suffering Hypoxia. As pilot also suffering hypoxia, he became unconscious and failed to perform emergency landing. As a results, aircraft fly by its own and finally crashed due to lack of fuel. All 121 on board were killed.

Pneumatic systems use pressurised gas, typically air, to physically power aspects of mechanical machines. They are often chosen in place of hydraulic systems, which use compressed liquid. Pneumatic systems have both advantages and disadvantages.

Cost
The initial cost of a pneumatic system is very low. However, the long-term operating cost of these systems can be high.

Safety
Pneumatic systems are very safe. These systems also pose no risk of fire or explosion.

Speed and Control

Air is compressible, unlike the liquid or electricity used in electrical and hydraulic systems.

Simplicity of Design And Control

Machines are easily designed using standard cylinders & other components. Machines operate by simple ON - OFF type control.

Reliability
Pneumatic systems tend to have long operating lives and require very little maintenance.

 High noise levels Oxidation that causes blockages System could be fragile and easy to damage High maintenance Entire system goes down if air supply shuts down.

Both hydraulic and pneumatic systems have a number of advantages over other systems. They are lightweight, reliable, easily and inexpensively maintained, and safe, as long as they're properly maintained. Pneumatics in Aircraft
Pneumatics are often used in the same capacity as hydraulics in aircraft. Operating landing gear; opening and closing doors, hatches, and windows; as shock absorbers; and for operating brakes and flaps. Pneumatics on the other hand "breathe" and do not circulate the air. The compressed air is sent to the tool to do work and then expended through an exhaust port. More air is pulled into the compressor when doing more work.

Use of Hydraulics in Aircraft

Hydraulics control various systems on aircraft, including the retraction and extension of landing gear; the sweeping back and forth of wings in applicable craft; the opening and closing of doors and hatchways; the running of dive, landing, speed, and flap brakes; and a variety of devices, depending on the aircraft. Hydraulics are a closed circuit: fluid is sent to the cylinder, moves the piston and then circulates back to the pump.

Hydraulic and pneumatic systems both offer advantages as well as disadvantages over the other. THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE between systems is that pneumatics are powered by compressed air while hydraulics use pressurized oils or water.
HYDRAULIC Hydraulics use liquid under pressure to transmit energy from one place to another. This energy can be converted into mechanical energy using an actuating cylinder or piston, or a turbine. PNEUMATIC Pneumatic systems run on the same principle as hydraulic systems. The key difference between the two is that pneumatic systems use air instead of fluid.

Air brakes on buses and trucks Air brakes on trains Air compressors Pneumatic tools: Jackhammer used by road workers Pneumatic nailgun Pressure regulator Pressure sensor Pressure switch Vacuum pump

Application

 Cold air enters the system through the fan air-valves The pneumatic system feeds the airconditioning system

Due the low temperatures and low pressures at high altitudes,the airconditioning guarantees a human friendly environment on board

 All larger comercial aircraft have a pressurized cabin. The pressure in the cabin is setat an outside air pressure of 2.5KM (8000ft)

The cabin pressure is not set at ground-pressure, as this would increase the weight of the aircraft because the structure has to been strengthened. The air in the cabin get refreshed after 3-5 minutes.