Deploying MPLS QoS

Santiago Alvarez
ITD Technical Marketing saalvare@cisco.com

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda

MPLS Support for DiffServ

Deployment Guide Configuring MPLS QoS QoS in MPLS Applications References

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

DiffServ Architecure

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

DiffServ PHBs and Recommended Codepoints

DSCP

EF

1 0 1 1 1 0
DSCP

CU

AFxy

x x x y y 0
Class

CU

Drop
Precedence

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

DiffServ Scalability via Aggregation

1000s of flows

Diff-Serv: Diff-Serv: Aggregation on Edge Many flows associated with a Class (marked with DSCP) Aggregated Processing in Core Scheduling/Dropping (PHB) based on DSCP

Diff-Serv scalability comes from: - Aggregation of traffic on Edge - processing of Aggregate only in Core
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS Scalability via Aggregation

1000s of flows

MPLS: MPLS: Aggregation on Edge Many flows associated with a Forwarding Equivalent Class (marked with label) Aggregated Processing in Core Forwarding based on label

MPLS scalability comes from: - Aggregation of traffic on Edge - processing of Aggregate only in Core
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Marking MPLS Frames

How DiffServ information is conveyed to LSRs ?

E-LSP (Cisco IOS 12.1(5)T, 12.0(11)ST) Queue inferred from Label and EXP field Drop priority inferred from label and EXP field L-LSP (Currently not available in IOS) Queue inferred exclusively from Label Drop priority may be inferred from EXP field

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS Class of Service E-LSP Example

LDP/RSVP LSR LDP/RSVP

E-LSP
AF1 EF

E-LSPs can be established by various label binding protocols (LDP or RSVP)

Packets travel on the same LSP, but experience different treatment (queueing/dropping) on LSR based on EXP Example above illustrates support of EF and AF1 on single E-LSP
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS Class of Service L-LSP Example

LDP/RSVP LSR LDP/RSVP

L-LSPs

L-LSPs can be established by various label binding protocols (LDP or RSVP) Packets travel on different LSPs. LSR infers queuing from label and dropping from EXP Example above illustrates support of EF and AF1 on separate L-LSPs
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda

MPLS Support for DiffServ

Deployment Guide Configuring MPLS QoS QoS in MPLS Applications References

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

10

Deployment Guide
Step 1: Define business model

Step 2: Identify applications and requirements Step 3: Define policies

Step 4: Test policies

Step 5: Apply policies

Step 6: Monitor and adjust
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

11

Deployment Guide Step 1: Business Model

How can we generate additional revenue?

Utility model
Subscription model Others

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

12

Deployment Guide Step 2: Identify Applications

Real-Time Conversational (e.g. VoIP) Real-Time Streaming (e.g. Real Video)

Interactive Class (e.g. HTTP, Telnet)

Background / Bulk (e.g. FTP, Dbase Synch.)

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

13

Deployment Guide Step 3: Network Assessment

Network topology and traffic flow
Capacity of your network devices (CPU, software, etc) Capacity of your network links (speeds, overhead, congestion, etc)

Trusted and untrusted domains

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

14

Deployment Guide Step 4: Define Policies

Define QoS policies at each hop. For instance:
Real-Time Interactive Marking Policing Queuing EF 512k priority 512 Tail drop Real-Time Streaming AF3 256k bandwidth percent 25 Tail drop Interactive Background and Bulk AF1 128k bandwidth percent 10 WRED Best Effort Default None

AF2 128k bandwidth percent 20 WRED

Available WRED

Dropping

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

15

Deployment Guide Step 5: Test Policies

Test in the lab first

Baseline your applications

Test in a small portion of the network

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

16

Deployment Guide Step 6: Apply Policies

Police and mark as early as possible

Work toward your core applying inbound/outbound policies

Apply your policies incrementally

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

17

Deployment Guide Step 7: Monitor and Adjust

Measure delay and loss for different classes

Monitor application performance

Adjust policies where necessary

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

18

Agenda

MPLS Support for DiffServ

Deployment Guide Configuring MPLS QoS QoS in MPLS Applications References

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

19

How to Use QoS Toolkit?

Modular CLI
ATM PVC Bundles ATM Per VC Queuing

Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) WRED FRF.12
Multilink PPP Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (MLPPP LFI)

MDRR Shaping

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

20

Configuring QoS in IOS Modular QoS CLI (MQC)

Template-based command syntax for QoS Separates classification engine from the policy Uniform CLI for QoS features

Cisco Platform independent

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

21

Configuring QoS in IOS MQC Abstractions

Class-maps
Define traffic classification crateria (e.g. ACL, DSCP/IP Prec, MPLS EXP, )

Policy-maps
Define QoS policy to apply to classes (marking, policing, shaping, queuing, dropping, ...)

Service-Policy
Apply QoS policy to interface for input/output traffic
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

22

MPLS QoS Configuration Case Study

CE PPP

ATM

MPLS
PE PE PE PE P P CE BB P P CE

FR
CE

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

23

Case Study Specifications

Customer uses DiffServ codepoints for 3 classes of traffic Customer uses one class for VoIP traffic

Service Provider offers three classes of service:

Premium: min BW, low latency, no loss

Business: min BW, low loss

Best Effort: No guarantees
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

24

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access

PE

FR CE CE Outbound

FR TS
LLQ WRED FRF. 12

CE 2500 Series 3640 Series 7200 Series

PE 7200 Series 7500 Series 10000 ESR

cRTP
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

25

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access CE Outbound

PE

Traffic classified by IP prec/DSCP (IP QoS) Limit bursting above CIR LLQ for min BW guarantees Fragmentation and cRTP on slow links
26

FR CE CE Outbound FR TS LLQ WRED FRF.12 cRTP

SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access CE Outbound (cont.)

PE
! class-map match-all PREMIUM match ip rtp 16384 16383 class-map match-all BUSINESS match ip dscp af21 af22 af23 ! policy-map OUT-POLICY class PREMIUM priority 128 set ip dscp ef class BUSINESS bandwidth 256 random-detect dscp-based class class-default fair-queue random-detect dscp-based !

FR CE CE Outbound FR TS LLQ WRED FRF. 12 cRTP

SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

27

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access CE Outbound (cont.)

PE
! interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point ip address 10.10.1.2 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 16 class FR-class ! map-class frame-relay FR-class frame-relay cir 512000 frame-relay bc 512 frame-relay mincir 512000 frame-relay fair-queue service-policy output OUT-POLICY frame-relay fragment 512 !

FR CE CE Outbound FR TS LLQ WRED FRF. 12 cRTP

SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

28

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access PE Inbound

Mark and police traffic according to contract Define IP Prec/DSCP mapping to EXP if needed (queue, drop precedence) P routers will service traffic based on EXP marking
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

PE Inbound Police Marking PE

FR

CE

29

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access PE Inbound (cont.)

PE Inbound Police
! class-map match-all PREMIUM-IP match ip dscp ef class-map match-all BUSINESS-IP CE match ip dscp af31 af32 af33 ! policy-map IN-POLICY class PREMIUM-IP police 1280000 32000 32000 conform-action set-mpls-exp-transmit 5 exceed-action drop class BUSINESS-IP police 22000000 550000 550000 conform-action set-mpls-exp-transmit 4 exceed-action set-mpls-exp-transmit 3 class class-default set mpls experimental 0 !

Marking

PE

FR

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

30

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access PE Inbound (cont.)

PE Inbound
! interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point ip address 10.32.14.2 255.255.255.0 frame-relay interface-dlci 16 class FR-class ! map-class frame-relay FR-class frame-relay cir 512000 frame-relay bc 512 frame-relay mincir 512000 frame-relay fair-queue service-policy input IN-POLICY frame-relay fragment 512 !

Police

Marking

PE

FR
CE

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

31

PE-to-P QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS

MPLS 7200 Series 7500 Series 10000 ESR 12000 GSR P MPLS LLQ WRED PE PE PE P P

PE

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

32

PE-to-P QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS PE Outbound

PE MPLS PE

Traffic classified by EXP (MPLS QoS)

LLQ for queuing MPLS packets

PE

PE MPLS LLQ WRED

SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

WRED based on EXP to implement dropping precedence IP precedence copied to MPLS EXP if no mapping defined in input policy
33

PE-to-P QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS PE Outbound (cont.)

PE MPLS PE
! class-map match-all PREMIUM match mpls experimental 5 ! class-map match-all BUSINESS match mpls experimental 3 4 ! policy-map OUT-POLICY class PREMIUM priority 16384 class BUSINESS bandwidth 65536 random-detect class class-default random-detect ! interface POS1/0 ip address 10.150.1.1 255.255.255.0 service-policy output OUT-POLICY mpls ip !

PE

PE MPLS

LLQ
WRED

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

34

P-to-P QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS

12000 GSR 7500 Series P MPLS P

P Router

LLQ (MDRR)
WRED

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

35

P-to-P QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS P Outbound

Traffic classified by EXP (MPLS QoS) LLQ (MDRR) for queuing MPLS packets WRED based on EXP Same CLI on GSR for IP and MPLS packets (MQC in the future) No need for inbound policy
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS

P Router

LLQ (MDRR)
WRED
36

P-to-P QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS P Outbound (cont.)

interface POS2/0 ip add 10.64.12.1 255.255.255.252 mpls ip tx-cos OUT-POLICY ! cos-queue-group OUT-POLICY precedence 0 queue 0 precedence 3 queue 1 precedence 4 queue 1 precedence 5 queue low-latency precedence 0 random-detect-label 0 precedence 3 random-detect-label 1 precedence 4 random-detect-label 2 random-detect-label 0 300 500 1 random-detect-label 1 100 300 1 random-detect-label 2 300 500 1 queue 0 50 queue 1 50 queue low-latency strict-priority !
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS

P Router

LLQ or MDRR
WRED
37

P-to-PE QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS

MPLS 7200 Series 7500 Series 10000 ESR 12000 GSR P MPLS LLQ WRED PE PE PE P P

PE

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

38

P-to-PE QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS P Outbound

PE MPLS PE

Traffic classified by EXP (MPLS QoS)

LLQ for queuing MPLS packets

PE

PE MPLS LLQ WRED

SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

WRED based on EXP to implement dropping precedence Upstream PE should advertise explicit NULL If PHP exposes IP packet
39

P-to-PE QoS for Frame-Mode MPLS P Outbound (cont.)

PE MPLS PE
! class-map match-all PREMIUM match mpls experimental 5 ! class-map match-all BUSINESS match mpls experimental 3 4 ! policy-map OUT-POLICY class PREMIUM priority 16384 class BUSINESS bandwidth 65536 random-detect class class-default random-detect ! interface POS1/0 ip address 10.150.1.1 255.255.255.0 service-policy output OUT-POLICY mpls ip !

PE

PE MPLS

LLQ
WRED

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

40

CE-to-PE QoS for Frame Relay Access

PE

CE PE Inbound FR Police Marking

PE Outbound

FR TS
LLQ WRED FRF. 12

CE 2500 Series 3640 Series 7200 Series

PE 7200 Series 7500 Series 10000 ESR

cRTP
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

41

PE-to-CE QoS for Frame Relay Access PE Outbound PE

CE FR

Q: Whats the proper classification criteria now that we have an IP packet?

A: For most cases, IP packets should be classified according to previous EXP value (Future IOS Feature)
42

CE Outbound FR TS LLQ WRED FRF.12 cRTP

SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

PE-to-CE QoS for Frame Relay Access PE Outbound (cont.) PE

CE FR

Classify IP packets based on its previous MPLS EXP marking (Future) Limit bursting above CIR LLQ for min BW guarantees

CE Outbound FR TS LLQ WRED FRF.12 cRTP

SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Fragmentation and cRTP on slow links

43

QoS High Level View

Marking, policing and shaping at the edges of the network
CE PE P MPLS P PE CE

IP Prec/DSCP mapping to EXP if needed Queuing and dropping of MPLS packets in the core based on MPLS EXP One class for low latency traffic and a small number of additional classes to implement SLAs

PE P P

PE CE

CE

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

44

Agenda

MPLS Support for DiffServ

Deployment Guide Configuring MPLS QoS QoS in MPLS Applications References

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

45

MPLS TE with Best Effort Network

DiffServ

CE

PE

MPLS

PE

P P PE

P P

MPLS TE defines the path packets follow to meet constrain (e.g. bandwidth)

PE

LSRs advertise a single available bandwidth via IGP All packets receive best-effort service
46

CE
DiffServ

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS TE with DiffServ Network

MPLS TE defines packet path independent of packet scheduling LSRs advertise a single available bandwidth via IGP Packets are scheduled at every hop according to EXP marking regardless of LSP
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

DiffServ

CE PE

MPLS

PE

P P

P
PE

PE

CE
DiffServ

47

MPLS DS-TE with DiffServ Network

DiffServ

CE

PE

MPLS

PE

LSRs advertise multiple available bandwidths (currently two) via IGP Aggregate admission control against a particular bandwidth pool

P P PE

P P

PE

CE
DiffServ

Packets are scheduled at every hop according to EXP marking regardless of LSP Packets should be routed based on expected QoS
48

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS DS-TE with DiffServ Network Inbound Configuration (Head-End)

DiffServ

CE

PE

MPLS

PE

P P PE

P P

PE

CE
DiffServ

! class-map match-all PREMIUM-IP match ip dscp ef class-map match-all BUSINESS-IP match ip dscp af31 af32 af33 ! policy-map IN-POLICY class PREMIUM-IP police 1280000 32000 32000 conform-action set-mpls-exp-transmit 5 exceed-action drop class BUSINESS-IP police 22000000 550000 550000 conform-action set-mpls-exp-transmit 4 exceed-action set-mpls-exp-transmit 3 class class-default set mpls experimental 0 ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 10.200.1.1 255.255.255.0 service-policy input IN-POLICY ! interface Tunnel0 ip unnumbered Loopback0 tunnel destination 10.101.1.1 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 0 0 tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth sub-pool 10000 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

49

MPLS DS-TE with DiffServ Network Transit Node Configuration

Control Plane
Bandwidth Allocation
! class-map match-all PREMIUM match mpls experimental 5 ! class-map match-all BUSINESS match mpls experimental 3 4 ! policy-map OUT-POLICY class PREMIUM priority 16384 class BUSINESS bandwidth 65536 random-detect class class-default random-detect ! interface POS1/0 ip address 10.150.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip rsvp bandwidth 200000 200000 sub-pool 25000 service-policy output OUT-POLICY mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls ip !
50

Data Plane
Bandwidth Allocation

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

MPLS VPN
Point-to-Network Connection
CE PE P

MPLS
P

PE CE

No constrains on address plans

CE

PE P P

PE

CE

Media independent
Security comparable to FR/ATM Scalable solution

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

51

QoS Enabled MPLS VPN

Per-VPN QoS policies at the edge
CE PE P

MPLS
P

PE CE

Same MPLS QoS policies for packets of all VPNs in the core QoS can be implemented with pointto-network guarantees QoS can also be implemented with pointto-point

CE

PE P P

PE

CE

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

52

QoS Enabled MPLS VPN Point-to-Network

Site 3
CE

ICR 512k
PE PE

ECR 512K

MPLS

No point-to-point (site-to-site) guarantees Any site can transmit up to ICR into the cloud
ECR 512K
CE

PE

PE

ICR 256k
CE

ECR 512K

ICR 768k

Site 1
Site 2 ECR Egress Committed Rate ICR Ingress Committed Rate

Any site can receive up to ECR from the cloud SLA offers guarantees for conforming traffic
53

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

QoS Enabled MPLS VPN Point-to-Point

Point-to-point (siteto-site) guarantees
Site 3
CE PE PE

MPLS

DS-TE is required to offer hard point-topoint guarantees Point-to-network and point-to-point model are not mutually exclusive
SP QoS
2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

PE

PE

CE CE

Site 1

Site 2

54

Agenda

MPLS Support for DiffServ

Deployment Guide Configuring MPLS QoS QoS in MPLS Applications References

SP QoS

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

55

Reference Pointers
MPLS Products & Technologies Page
http://www.cisco.com/go/mpls

MPLS Class of Service Enhancements

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios120/120newft/120limit/120st/120st 14/mct1214t.htm

Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/qos_c/index.htm

Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/qos_r/index.htm

MPLS Technology and Applications

Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter ISBN 1-55860-656-4
SP QoS 56

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Presentation_ID

2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

57