Pre - Calculus

A Simplified Approach

Rectangular Coordinate System

Coordinate Axes two intersected line at one point. x axis the horizontal axis y axis the vertical axis origin the point of intersection. quadrants the 4 regions that divides the rectangular coordinate system that can be identified in a clockwise direction.

Rectangular Coordinate System

(x, y) the ordered pair of real numbers representing the point in the rectangular coordinate system. also called coordinate. where: x the first order, the abscissa. y the second order, the ordinate.

Plot the Following Points

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. (2, 6) (-6, 4) (-3, -5) (6, -3) (3, 0) (0, 7) (-4, 0) (0, -4)

Functions and Relations

Definition: Function describes the relationship of one variable to another variable. Independent Variable is a variable that can stand alone. Dependent Variable is a variable dependent on the independent variable.

Think of an Example

Relationships Between Domain and Range

Mapping
1 3 5 7
DOMAIN

2 4 6 8
RANGE

3 4

2 3 4 6
DOMAIN

5 7
DOMAIN

6 8
RANGE

7 8
RANGE

FUNCTION

NOT A FUNCTION

FUNCTION

Vertical Line Test

The relation is said to be a function if the vertical line passes through its graph in only one (1) point.

Time to think again

Identify the following as a FUNCTION or NOT A FUNCTION

Identify the following as a FUNCTION or NOT A FUNCTION

Identify the following as a FUNCTION or NOT A FUNCTION

The Domain and Range

1. The square root of a positive real number is a positive real number. Thus, we shall define only for a non-negative real numbers where the domain is x0. 2. In the expressions, x2 and x3, x can assume any real number, and, therefore, y will always be defined. In such a case, the domain is the set of real numbers. The range can then be determined by solving x

The Domain and Range

In terms of y. Thus, the range in this case is also the set of real numbers. 3. The function is the same as . Hence, the domain and the range are composed of the set of non-zero real numbers where x0. 4. For the function , the domain is the set of real numbers and the range is also the set of real numbers where y0.

The Domain and Range

5. In , the domain is x 2 if is defined x - 2 0. Find the range by solving x in terms of y. Thus, x = y2 + 2. And since x always exists for any real number assigned to y, then the range is y 0.

Have a Good Thinking

Determine the Domain and Range

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Operation of Functions
Let f and g are both functions. 1. Sum : f + g 2. Difference: f g 3. Product: fg 4. Quotient :

How to Evaluate Function?

The function is evaluated by determining the value of x from the given value of y. Meaning, the it is a process where value of x is being substituted to the function to determine the value of y.

What is Composite Functions?

It is an operation where a function is being substituted to another function. Definition: Let f and g are both functions. The composite function of f of g of x can be written as: (f g) (x) = f(g(x))

How to Determine the Inverse of a Function?

Definition: The inverse of a function can be represented by f-1 and it reads as: f inverse. Importance: The domain of the f-1 is the range of f. Steps 1. Solve for x. 2. Interchange x and y. 3. Change y to f-1.