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Supreme Court declared as illegal and unconstitutional the deployment of tribal youths as Special Police Officers - either as Koya Commandos, Salwa Judum or any other force in the fight against the Maoist insurgency and ordered their immediate disarming. The ruling by Justice B. Sudershan Reddy and Justice S.S. Nijjar on the writ petition filed by social anthropologist Prof. Nandini Sundar and others - strongly indicted the State for violating Constitutional principles. The Bench ordered the State of Chhattisgarh to recall all firearms issued to any of the SPOs. It directed the State of Chhattisgarh to immediately stop using SPOs in any manner at controlling, Maoist/Naxalite activities in the State of Chhattisgarh.
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The government introduced in the Lok Sabha a bill aimed at preventing sexual harassment of women at workplace in various forms, including implied or overt promise of preferential treatment, or threat or interference in her work through intimidation. The Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill, 2010, provides for mandatory setting up of an internal committee by a company or any other institute to probe a written complaint by an aggrieved person or settle the matter through conciliation.

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The objective is to enact a comprehensive legislation to provide safe, secure and enabling environment, free from all forms of sexual harassment to every woman, irrespective of her age or employment status (other than domestic workers). It fixes the responsibility on the employer as well as the District Magistrate or Additional District Magistrate or the Collector or Deputy Collector of every district in the State as a District Officer and lays down a statutory redressal mechanism.

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The Punchi Commission is of the view that the Central Government should adopt strict guidelines as recommended in the Sarkaria report and follow its mandate in letter and spirit lest appointments to the high Constitutional office should become a constant irritant in Centre-State relations and sometimes embarrassment to the Government itself. Punchi Commission further says the following: Governors should be given a fixed tenure of five years and their removal should not be at the will of the Government at the Centre.
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The phrase during the pleasure of the President in Article 156(i) should be substituted by an appropriate procedure under which a Governor who is to be reprimanded or removed for whatever reasons is given an opportunity to defend his position and the decision is taken in a fair and dignified manner befitting a Constitutional office.

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In a path-breaking judgment, the Supreme Court allowed passive euthanasia of withdrawing life support to patients in permanently vegetative state (PVS) but rejected outright active euthanasia of ending life through administration of lethal substances.

Refusing mercy killing of Aruna Shanbaug, lying in a vegetative state for 37 years in a Mumbai hospital, a two-judge bench of Justice Markandeya Katju and Justice Gyan Sudha Mishra, laid a set of tough guidelines under which passive euthanasia can be legalised through high court monitored mechanism.

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The apex court laid down the guidelines for passive euthanasia .The bench also asked Parliament to delete Section 309 IPC (attempt to suicide) as it has become anachronistic. A person attempts suicide in a depression, and hence he needs help, rather than punishment, Justice Katju writing the judgment said.

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Apex court cast the responsibility of taking a call on passive euthanasia on high courts, if the plea is made by close relatives or friends who have strongly opposed such a step.

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The NIA Act sets up National Investigation Agency to probe terrorism and crimes with national ramifications such as challenges to the countrys sovereignty and integrity, bomb blasts, hijacking of aircraft and ships and attacks on nuclear installations. They are called scheduled crimes. It provides for constitution of special courts to try offences under the NIA Act. As per the procedure laid out in NIA Act, there are two ways to take up a case by the NIA:

the state government can refer to centre Also, Central Government can suo moto
case to NIA.

hand over a

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It makes it mandatory for the state government where the case is under investigation to extend all assistance and cooperation to the NIA.

The NIA will have the powers to approach the Supreme Court to get the case transferred out of a particular state if pursuance of justice is not possible in the area of offence.
The trial under the NIA Act would be held on a day-today basis and have precedence over trial of any other case against the accused in any other court.

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The objective of the Mission is to increase access to justice by reducing delays and arrears in the system and enhance accountability and set performance standards.
The objectives are to be achieved in a time bound manner by 2015-16 through a mission mode approach. The Mission will have a Mission Directorate, an Advisory Council and a Governing Council for overseeing the implementation of the Mission.

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The broad areas covered by the National Mission are policy and legislative changes, reengineering of procedures, human resource development, leveraging ICT and improve physical infrastructure of subordinate courts.
It aims at disposal of pending cases in three years, from the current average of 15 years, and establishment of an All India Judicial Service.

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The B.N. Srikrishna Committee offered Six options:

Maintain status quo Bifurcation into Seemandhra Bifurcation Bifurcation

and Telangana; with Hyderabad as a Union Territory and the two states developing their own capitals into Rayala-Telangana and coastal Andhra regions with Hyderabad as an integral part into Seemandhra and Telangana with enlarged Hyderabad as an Union Territory
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Bifurcation

into Telangana and Seemandhra as per existing boundaries with Hyderabad as the capital of Telangana and Seemandhra to have a new capital the state united and providing certain Constitutional / Statutory measures for socioeconomic development and political empowerment of Telangana.

Keeping

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PM only after he/she demits office Ministers Elected Representatives

Group A Officers of the Central Government and above,

Office bearers of all non- profit organizations

(registered/unregistered) receiving funds from the public.

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PM with safeguards (detailed below) Ministers Elected Representatives Group A Officers of the Central Government and above. All officers other than Group A officers- to be covered
by Kendriya Satarkta Lokpal (Central Vigilance Commission) by strengthening the Central Vigilance Commission Act.

Judges

of the higher judiciary- to be covered under Nyayapalika Lokpal (Judicial Accountability Commission) by strengthening the Judicial Accountability and Standards Bill
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The government introduced the Whistleblower Bill in Lok Sabha in August 2010 - Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of Persons Making the Disclosure Bill 2010.

A whistleblower is any person who reveals wrongdoing or corruption in any organization, whether its a company or a government department. Under the Bill, any member of the public, or a government servant, can complain about government corruption to the central or state vigilance commissions.
It sets the procedure to inquire into the disclosures and provide adequate safeguards against victimisation of the whistleblower; it also seeks to provide punishment for false or frivolous complaints.
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