General Mental Ability

Topic
Coding-Decoding
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Coding-Decoding
What is Coding-Decoding ?

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For transmitting secret messages from one place to another, especially in defense services, Coding is used. Decoding is the ability to break the secret code. The codes are based on various principles or patterns. In CSAT, questions based on coding-decoding could be given to judge the intelligence and mental ability of the candidates.
The coded word itself does not make any sense unless we know the coding principle. For coding-decoding, following basic knowledge is required. 1. Forward Order of Letters A 1 J 10 S 19 B 2 K 11 T 20 C 3 L 12 U 21 D 4 M 13 V 22 E 5 N 14 W 23 F 6 0 15 X 24 G 7 P 16 Y 25 H 8 Q 17 Z 26 I 9 R 18

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2. Reverse Order of Letters A 26 J 17 S 8 7 B 25 K 16 T 6 C 24 L 15 U 5 D 23 M 14 V 4 E 22 N 13 W 3 F 21 0 12 X 2 G 20 P 11 Y 1 H 19 Q 10 Z I 18 R 9

3. Opposite Letters
A-Z, H-S, B-Y, I-R, C-X, J-Q, D-W, K-P, E-V, L-0, F-U, M-N, G-T. The questions based on coding-decoding are broadly categorized into following categories

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Type 1
Coding with Alphabet Letters: In such questions, the letters do not stand for themselves but are allotted some other values based on some logical patterns or analogies. By deciphering the principles or pattern involved the candidates are required to decode the coded word. Example 1: As COUNSEL is to BITIRAK So GUIDANCE is to (a) FOHYZJBB (b) HOHYBJBA (c) FPHZZKAB (d) FORHYZJBB Solution. (a) The pattern is C1 O6 U1 N5 S1 E4 L1 =B =I =T =I =R =A =K
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Type 2
Coding with Numbers: The principle of coding with numbers is similar to that of coding with letters except the use of digits. Example 2: If in a certain language, E is coded as 2, H is coded as 1, N is coded as 7, P is codec as 5, A is coded as 0, T is coded as 8 and L is coded as 3, how is ELEPHANT coded in that language ? (a) 23251078 (b) 32210587 (c) 23527801 (d) 22315078 Solution. (a) E = 2, L = 3, E = 2, P = 5, H = 1, A = 0, N = 7, T = 8 Hence, only (a) is valid. Example 3: In a certain language, 1 is coded as C, 6 is coded as E, 0 is coded as L, 2 is coded a; G and 3 is coded as O. How is 1300626 coded in that language ? (a) OLCGELE (b) EGEOLEL (c) COLLGEE (d) COLLEGE Solution. (d) 1 = C, 3 = 0, 0 = L 0 = L, 6 = E, 2 = G, 6 = E Hence, only (d) is valid.
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Type 3

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Mixed coding (Alphabets + Digits): In such questions, both letters and numbers are assigned as code The candidates are required to identify the analogy given in the questions.

Example 4: If INDIA stands for I - 14 - D - 9 - A and NEPAL stands for N - 5 _ P _ 1 _ L, then how will you code the GIRL ? (a) G9R12 (b) G15R10 (c) G10R9 (d) G9R11 Solution. (a) Assign the alphabetical number to the letters.
Example 5: If LOINESS is coded as ` ? # @ $ $ $and MEN is coded as f @, then how will you code the MISSION? (a) #$$#?@ (b) # $?f@ (c) #$f@ (d) $#?f@ Solution. (a) The intelligent deciphering of the two codes gives the following MISOLEN #$ ?f@ So, MISSION will be coded as # $ $ # ? @ .
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Type 4
Miscellaneous types: In such questions, a careful deciphering is required to find out the patterns. Example 6: If FRANCE is coded as NCEFRA and CANADA is coded as ADACAN, then how will you code MEDICINE? (a) CNIEMEDI (b) CINEDEMI (c) CINEMEDI (d) CINEDEIM Solution. (c) The first half part is transferred after the second half part. The coding is made as follows

So, the code of MEDICINE will be coded as CINEMEDI.

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