Lecture 2

Polymer & Process Engineering Department
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
Process Dynamics & Control

Lecture-2 Control Objectives and Benefits
Prof. Dr.G.M.Mamoor
11/26/2012 Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
I& Control
Dynamics and Control
Dynamics - time varying behaviour of a process
Control - achieve desired conditions in a system by adjusting selected variables
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Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Mass transfer
Example - Shower
Hot Cold
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Example - Shower
Process Flow Diagram
FI
TI
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Example - Shower
controlled variables - variables to be regulated

total flow, temperature
manipulated variables - variables that are adjusted

Position of hot water tap Position of cold water tap
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Mass transfer
Example Salt Tank Experiment
water
brine soln
LI effluent
AI
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Mass transfer
Example - Tank Lab Experiment
controlled variables level salt concentration - inferred from conductivity manipulated variables concentrated salt flow rate (pump) exit flow rate (pump)
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Topics for this lecture
Recognize examples of the seven (7) control objectives in chemical processes indicators of variability in a process variable calculate the economic impact of variability
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Outline of the Talk.

Seven (7) Control Objectives 1. Safety 2. Environmental protection 3. Equipment protection 4. Smooth operation 5. Product quality 6. Profit 7. Monitoring and diagnosis Variability measures Economic impact of variability Workshop
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Components of the Shower Control System
Desired Values or Setpoints - target values for flow and temperature Sensors to measure process conditions - skin and eyes Control Algorithm to determine corrective action
fundamental knowledge and intuition
Final Control Elements adjusted position of taps
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Mass transfer
Example - Tank Lab Experiment
controlled variables level salt concentration - inferred from conductivity manipulated variables concentrated salt flow rate (pump) exit flow rate (pump)
11/26/2012
Mass transfer
Components of the Shower Control System
Desired Values or Setpoints - target values for flow and temperature Sensors to measure process conditions - skin and eyes Control Algorithm to determine corrective action
fundamental knowledge and intuition
Final Control Elements adjusted position of taps
11/26/2012
Mass transfer
Example Shower
control algo.
For hotter shower, turn HW tap clockwise
I want a hot shower
setpoint
sensors
TI final control elements
FI
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Mass transfer
Systems Approach Salt Tank Experiment
water
brine soln
LI
effluent
AI
inputs - concentrated salt flow, exit flow, inlet water flow outputs - level, salt concentration states - level, salt concentration, temperature, pressure input/output designation does not always match physical direction of flow
Mass transfer
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Systems Approach Salt Tank Experiment
INPUTS
brine flow manipulated variable inputs disturbance input
STATES Salt Tank

salt conc. level temperature pressure
OUTPUTS
exit salt conc.
{
{
exit flow
level
tap water flow (changes due to pressure fluctuations)

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Mass transfer
Feedback Control
Use measurements of process outputs and some sort of algorithm to determine changes to the inputs of the same process Feedback controllers act to reduce differences between the setpoint and the measured values of outputs. This is called negative feedback.
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Mass transfer
Example Shower
control algo.
For hotter shower, turn HW tap to right
I want a hot shower
setpoint
sensors
final control elements
TI
FI
Feedback loop
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Mass transfer
Process Control at an Industrial Plant
Central control room
Sensors, local indicators, and valves in the process
Displays of hundreds of variables, calculations, and commands to valves are in the centralized control centre. Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore
Mass transfer
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EXAMPLE PROCESS: FLASH SEPARATION
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Feedforward Control
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Combined FB/FF Control
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Control Hardware Elements
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Classification of Variables
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Variable Types: Example
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Lecture 2

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Polymer & Process Engineering Department

University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore

Process Dynamics & Control

11/26/2012 Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Dynamics and Control

Dynamics - time varying behaviour of a process

Control - achieve desired conditions in a system by adjusting selected variables

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Process Flow Diagram

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

controlled variables - variables to be regulated

manipulated variables - variables that are adjusted

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Example Salt Tank Experiment

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Example - Tank Lab Experiment

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Topics for this lecture

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Outline of the Talk.

Components of the Shower Control System

Final Control Elements adjusted position of taps

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Example - Tank Lab Experiment

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Components of the Shower Control System

Final Control Elements adjusted position of taps

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

For hotter shower, turn HW tap clockwise

I want a hot shower

TI final control elements

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Systems Approach Salt Tank Experiment

Systems Approach Salt Tank Experiment

STATES Salt Tank

tap water flow (changes due to pressure fluctuations)

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

For hotter shower, turn HW tap to right

I want a hot shower

final control elements

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Process Control at an Industrial Plant

Central control room

Sensors, local indicators, and valves in the process

EXAMPLE PROCESS: FLASH SEPARATION

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore

Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore