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Background k[i^e'ld
PlePg OGkm\No"PGhf j*{ km\No"
kG5Laf^ dflg;df b]lvPsf] ;j{ k|yd
1997 ;fndf xésédf xf]. Tu;a]nf 18
hgf dflf; la/fdL k/]sf lyP / 8 hgfn]
Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . To;a]nf
xésédf ;a} k|sf/sf kG5L kG5LhGo
kbfo{ gi^ u/LPsf] loof] / v'nf ?kdf
kG5L, kG5L hGo kbfox? las|L lat/)f
ug{ k|ltaGw nufOPsf] lyof . To; clw
g]kfndf h:t} xésédf klg v'nf ?kdf
Background k[i^e'ld
ef/tdf clxn] ;Dd k^s k^s j*{ km\No'
/f]usf laiff)f'af^ cfs|d)f eO /fv]sf] 5 .
;j{ ky|d 2006 ;fndf dxf/fi^\, dWo k|
b]z / u'h/ftdf b]lvPsf] lyof] . To;kl5
a+ufnf b]zdf / clxn] klZrd a+ufndf
b]lvPsf] 5. j*{ km\No"sf] ;+sd)f
clxn];Dd 60 j^f b]zx?df b]lvPsf] 5.
xfn ;Dd of] /f]uaf^ 245 hgfsf] d[To'
eO;s]sf5].
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o; /f]usf]\ xNnf x"+bf dfq} kgL lautsf
lbgx¿df g]kfndf dfq} geO{ lasl;t
b]zx?df klg 60 k|ltzt eGbf a(Ln]
dflg;n] s"v"/fsf] df;" vfg 5f]*]sf lyP .
clxn] yf] /f]u ljZje/L g} ;a}sf] rf;f]sf]
laifo a:t" ePsf] 5 .
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o; ;DjGwdf Avian influenza (Highly
Pathogenic Avian Influenzaa) (H5N1) sf]
af/]df s]xL hfGg h?/L x"G^ . of] vf; u/L
kG^L hftdf x"g] /f]u xf] . t/ clxn] dflg;
nufPt cGo kz' kg5Lx?df klg of] /f]u
b]lvPsf] 5. of] laiff)f' clt ;Dj]bgl;n x'G5
;fy} of] laiff)f'n] cfkm\gf] h}ljs ;+/rgf
km]/L /xG5 . To;} sf/)fn] ubf{ g} of]
/f]un] ljZje/ g} qf;sf] jftfj/)f ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 .
of] /f]u ;a{k|yd lrgdf b]lvPsf] lyof] / /f]u
km}n]g] qmddf blIf)f k"jL{ Pl;of x"+b}
Pl;of e/L km}nLO o"/f]k ;Dd km}nL;s]sf]
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o;sf nIf)fx? klG5x?df :jf; k|:jf; ;DalGw nIf)fx?
b]vfpg], emf]+s|fpg], bfgf kfgL gvfg] cfbL x'G^
. Avian Influenza ) type A, B / C ltg y/Lsf]
x"G5. Type A cGt/utsf] H5N1 n] dflg; nufPt
cGo kz' k+lIfnfO{ a+u'/, ;+'u'/df, wf]*f, s's'/,
Jx]n cfbLdf klg c;/ ub{^ . xf+;, hn r/f / a+;fO{
;/]/ cfpg] r/fx? / h+unL r/fx? of] /f]usf laiff)f'sf]
k|fslts >f]t x"g\ . of] j*{ km\No"sf] laiff)f' RNA
k|sf/sf] x'gfn] o;n] cfkgf] h}las ;+/rgf abNg]
ePsf] x"gfn]g} 1997 df x*+s*df H5N1 k|dfl)ft
ePsf] lyof]] . ;g 1918 df Spain df b]lvPsf] Avian
Influenza h:df nfvf} dflg;x?sf] d[To' ePsf]
lyof] . To; a]nf laiff)f'sf] k|sf/ H5N1 geP/
H1N1 k|hftLsf] lyof] . o;}nfO{ (H1N1) g} ;a}
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of] laiff)f'n] kG%Ldf /f]un] ug]{ c;/sf]
cfwf/nfO lnP/ j*{ km\No"nfO 2 efudf
laefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . xfOlnKofyf[hplgs
(HPAI) / nf]Kofyf]h]lgs (LPAI) .
xfOlnKofyf[hplgs H5 N1 / H7N2 K|f|
sf/sf] k|hftLaf^ dfq of] /f]u nfUb 5.
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nf]Kofyf]h]lgs (LPAI) , h;df d[To' b/ Psbd}
sd x'G5 / o; k|hftLaf6 clxn] ;Dd /f]u
nfu]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g . o; k|hftLaf^ ;+s|d)f
eP kl% kG%Lx?n] /f]usf nIf)fx? gb]vfpg]
b]lv lnP/ dWod vfnsf] nIf)fx?, s]lx dfq
nIf)fx? b]vfpg] ub{5 . kG5Ln] c)*f pTkfbf
w6fp+5, :jf; k|:jf; c;/ ug]{ / 5% ;Dd d[To
b/ x'G% . t/ ;fwf/)f cj:yfdf j*{ km\No' ;+s|
ldt hn r/fx?n] /f]usf] nIf)fx? b]vfpb}g .
;fwf/)f cj:yfdf j*{ km\No' laiff)f' klg hftL
laif]z x'G% eGgfn] klG%sf] laiff)f'n]
kG%LnfO dfq / dflg;sf] laiff)f'n] dflg;nfO
dfq c;/ ub{%. t/ a+u'/ df eg] oL b'j}
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of] /f]usf] clxn] ;Ddsf] Oltxf; x}bf{
dflg;af^ dflg;df ;/]sf] kfOPsf] %}g .
clxn]sf] laZjsf] rf;f]sf] a*{km\No'sf]
laifo H5N1 geP/, of] /f]u ;fg{ ;Sg]
glag laiff)f' lg:sG% h;n] dflg;af^
dflg;df of] /f]u ;fg{ ;Sg] x'G% / dflg;
g} of] /f]u ld;fpg] ef+*f]sf] ?kdf
pTklQ x'G% .
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of] a*{ km\No' /f]usf laiff)f'sf] j/Lk/L
vf]n x'G% h:n] ubf{ laiff)f' s'g} k|
sf/sf] ;fa"g jf cGo lg;+s|d)f ug]{
a:t"af^ ;lhn} ;+u gi^ ug{ ;lsG% .
;fy} clws tfks|d / ;'Vvfkgaf^ of]
laiff)f' ;lhn} db{% . s'v'/fsf] ;"nLdf
105 lbg ;Dd lhljt} /xg ;Sb% . of] 4
lbg ;Dd kfgLdf, 22º ;] df lhjt /xg
;Sb% 60º ;] df 30 ldg^df k"/} gi^
x'G% . oL afx]s klg k|of]uzfnfdf k|
uf]u ul/g] Ethanol, iodine, formalin
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of] /f]u ;+s|ldt kG%Ln] ;"nLsf]
dfWodaf^ clws dfqfdf laiff)f' zl//af^
aflx/ lgsN% . o;}af^ ePsf] k|ToIf jf
ck|TIf ;+s|d)faf^ of] /f]u dflg;df
;b{% . uf] /f]usf d'Vo hf]lvddf
kg]{x?df /f]u ;+s|ldt kfgLdf kf}*L
v}Ng dflg;x? / xfd|f] h:tf] b]zx?df
hxf+ s'v'/fsf] ;"nL dnsf] ?kdf s'g} k|
sf/sf] pkrf/ lagf g} v]t jf af/Lx?df
l;w} k|of]u ul/G% .
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of] Pp^f /f]u ;g]{ pko'Qmsf] dfWog
x'g ;Sb% . g]kfndf h:t} cGo b]zx?df
klg s"v"/f / dflg;x? Pp^} #/df cyjf
Pp^} sf]&fdf klg ;"Tg], j:g], vfg]
rng % . o:tf dflg;x? nufot x\ofr/L,
kf]N^||L kmfd{, df;' k;n cflbdf sfd
ug]{ JolQmx? of] /f]usf clu|d
hf]lvdsf k+QLdf kb{%g\ .
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a*{ km\No' /f]usf laiff)f'af^ h'g
Dflg;x? ;+s|lt %g\ ltgLx?df b]lvg]
nIf)fx? cTolws Hj/f] cfpg,] :jf; k|:jf;f
k|s[ofdf ;d:of cfpg] pN^Lx'g] k]^
b'Vg] / gfs / luhfaf^ /ut cfpg], ;f;
k]g{ ufx|f] x'g] z'?df b]lvPsf] nIf)f
b]lv 5 lbg leqdf oL ;a} lasfz x'G% .
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G]fkfndf of] /f]usf] laiff)f'sf] k|of]uzfnf
kl/If)f laleGg k|sf/sf kl/If)fx? U./L laiff)f'sf]
k|hftL %\'^\fpg ;lsG% . g]kfndf cfh;Dd
of] laiff)f' lgoGq)f ug{ ;lsPsf] % . xfdL
xfd|f l%d]aL b]zx?df k^s k^s
km}n/fv]sf] cj:yfdf lgoGq)f ubf{ ub}{
klg b"O b]z lardf ePsf] d"Nodf /x]sf]
cGt/sf sf/)fn] ubf{ klg rf]/L lgsfzL x'g] k|
an ;Gafxgf b]lvG% . lsgsL g]kfn / ef.t/df
c)*f df;' nufot s]of} a:t'x?df d'Nodf
w]/}g} cGt/ b]lvG% . To; sf/)fn] ubf{
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 . G]fkfn h:t} cGo b]zx? yfONod)*,
dn]lzof, leotgfd, Sofdaf]l*ofdf s*f lgoGq)f
x'bf x'\b} klg kz'x?sf] rf]/L lgsfzL lgoGq)f
ug{ ;sL/fv]sf %]}gg\ . To;}n] xfd|f] b]zdf
v'nf l;dfgf % rf/} lt/af^ s'g} klg rf]/Lsf]
a:t' lelqg ;lhn} ;Sb% . To;sf/)f eG;f/,
Sjf/]G^fOg sfof{no, r]s kf]i^, :yflgo k|
zf;g, k|x/L / :ylgo afl;Gbf of] /f]u lgoGq)f
ug]{ ;a}sf] bfloTj x'g hfG%. g]kfn ;/sf/n]
kG%L kG%LhGo kbfy{, c)*f nufot Kjf+v
cfbL kbfy{x? cfoft ug{ k")f{ ?kdf /f]s
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Af;fO ;/]/ cfpg] r/fx?, h+unL r/fx? / w/ kfn"jf
r/fx?sf] af;:yfg Pp^] x"g] ePsf]n]
logLx?Aff^ /f]u ;g]{ ;Defjgf al* b]lvG%.
g]kfndf h:t} cGo b]zx?df klg s"v"/f /
dflg;x? Pp^} #/df cyjf Pp^} sf]&fdf klg
;"Tg], j:g], vfg] rng % . o:tf dflg;x? nufot
x\ofr/L kf]N^|\L kmfd{, df;" k;n cflbdf sfd
ug]{ JolQmx? clu|d hf]lvdsf k+QLdf
kb{%g\ . vf; u/L logLx?n] JulQut :jf:ydf
Wofg lbg ctL h?/L x'G% .aRrfx?nfO r/fx?
;+u v}Nn glbg] Ps} k^sdf w]/} r/fx?sf]
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;fy]} JolQut ;/;kmfOdf klg Wofg lbg'
kg]{ x'G% . h'g ;'s]} cj:yfdf klg
xfdLn] ;fa"g kfgLn] xft /fd|f] ;+u
wf]P/ dfq vfgf vfg] afgL a;fNg'
kb{% . s'g}] klg vfB a:t' /fd|f] ;+u
ksfP/ vfg] . df;" lsGbf e"O+df /fv]sf]
b'l;t df;' jf cGo s'g]} klg a:t' ahf/af^
glsgf} . log} JolQut ;/;kmfOsf ;fy w/
cf+ug ;kmf /fVg ;s]sf] cj:yfdf of]
/f]u nufot cGo w]/} /f]ux?af^ ^f(f