FIRE SAFETY IN INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS

A.K.Sharma Director Delhi Fire Service

Industrial Core Sector

Energy & Power

Petroleum, Gas and Chemical Metals, Minerals and Steel

Cement
Coal

 Defence Production

Telecom & IT
Automobiles Textile And many more

 India is the second fastest growing economy in the world. Indias GDP has touched US$1.25 trillion.

India is fourteenth in the world in factory output.

Manufacturing sector together account for 29% of the GDP

56 Indian companies were listed in the Forbes Global 2000 ranking for 2010. The 10 leading companies are:

LEADING TEN COMPANIES

WORLD RANKING COMPANY SECTOR WORLD RANKING COMPANY SECTOR

121

Reliance industries

Oil and gas operations

329

ICICI Bank

Banking

150

State bank of Banking India ONGC Oil and gas operations Oil and gas operations Utilities

463

Tata Steel

Materials

152

508

Bharti Airtel

Telecom services Materials

207

IOCL

582

SAIL

317

NTPC

689

Reliance communicati on

Telecom services

Industrial Domain
Storage (Raw Material - Solid, Liquid, Gases) Process Plant & Machinery

Utilities ( Power, Steam, Nitrogen etc.)

Finished Product People (Operation, Maintenance and Supporting Staff)

Industrial Accidents
Industrial Accidents are caused by chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical, or other process failures due to accident, negligence or incompetence, in an industrial plant which may spill over to the areas outside the plant causing damage to life and property.

Industrial Accidents
These may originate in: Manufacturing and formulation installations including during commissioning and process operations; maintenance and disposal. Material handling and storage in manufacturing facilities, and isolated storages; warehouses and godowns including tank farms in ports and docks and fuel depots. Transportation (road, rail, air, water, and pipelines).

Major Threats
Fire Explosion Toxic release Poisoning Combinations of the above

PROBABLE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS Process deviations i.e pressure, temperature & flow. Parameters with regard to the state of the substance i.e., solid, liquid or gas, proximity to other toxic substances. Runaway reaction. Hardware failure, resulting in largescale spills of toxic substances. Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) on the chemicals during transportation.

Electrical failure Cutting and welding Open flame Carelessness Poor housekeeping Smoking Sabotage

COMPOUNDING OF EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS

Meteorology of the area, wind speed and direction, rate of precipitation, toxicity/quantity of chemical released, population in the reach of release, probability of formation of lethal mixtures and other industrial activities in vicinity.

Impact of Industrial Accidents

Industrial Accidents

Living Organisms

Environment

Property

Immediate, Short-term and Long-term Effects

Humans Livestock Plants

Soil and Water Bodies Atmosphere

Death, Injury, Disease and Disability

Pollution

Major Consequences
Loss of life / injuries Impact on livestock Damage to Flora/fauna Environmental Impact (air, soil,water) Financial losses to industry.

FILXBOROUGH, 01.06.1974, UK

MEXICO CITY, 19.11.1984,

GASOLENE TANK FIRE- South

East Asia 2000

Bhopal Gas Tragedy

Worst industrial disaster in history 2,000 people died on immediate aftermath Another 13,000 died in next fifteen years 10-15 persons dying every month 520,000 diagnosed chemicals in blood causing different health complications 120,000 people still suffering from
Cancer Tuberculosis Partial or complete blindness, Post traumatic stress disorders, Menstrual irregularities

Rise in spontaneous abortion and stillbirth

IOC JAIPUR - 2009

slide 20

Uran Plant

IOC JAIPUR - 2009

slide 21

Uran Plant

IOC JAIPUR - 2009

ENVIRONMENT !!!

Oil Rig Explosion

What could have prevented these losses?

RISK CONTROL MEASURES

Physical Protection Procedural Protection Educational Protection

Physical Protection
Strict & Rigorous approach in following the Relevant Standards , Codes & Practices Built in Safety Devices and Safety System Venting through Tall stacks Field Monitors for Different Toxic Gases Burning Waste gases in a Flare System

Provision of Wind Cones Fire Proofing of Steel Structures PPE Passive Protection System Active Protection system Automatic Protection system

PROCEDURAL PROTECTION
Fire Emergency Procedure
Disaster Preparedness Plan Mutual Aid Scheme

No Smoking Policy
Investigation of All Accidents Hazard Identification through Safety Committee, House Keeping Committee, Safety audit Committee Conducting Plant Survey, safety survey Work Permit System

Contd.
Safety promotional activities Information notes on unsafe conditions MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet Annual Medical Check up of Employees Safe Start up & Shut Down Procedure

Regular and Preventive Maintenance

Periodic testing of Fire Fighting Appliances

EDUCATIONAL PROTECTION Periodic Training Program on Safety, Fire Safety and Hazardous properties of materials Mock Fire Drill Safety Manuals

Health & Safety News Bulletins, leaflets

Safety Motivation schemes Plant Operating Manual Educating the Public Living nearby about the activities in the industry

Thank you