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Folding Of Embryo
Flat
trilaminar disc folds into a somewhat cylindrical embryo Folding occurs in both median & horizontal planes Results from rapid growth of the embryo Long axis increases rapidly than the sides Occurs simultaneously on both axis Constriction at the junction of embryo & yolk sac
Causing Moving
Head Fold
Neural folds in the cranial region thickened to form primordium of the brain Initially the developing brain projects dorsally into the amniotic cavity
Later grows cranially beyond the oropharyngeal membrane Overhangs the developing heart
Head Fold
Septum transversum, primordial heart, pericardial coelom & oropharyngeal membrane move onto the ventral surface Endoderm of the yolk sac is incorporated into the embryo as a foregut The foregut lies between the brain & heart Oropharyngeal membrane separates the foregut from the stomodeum
Head Fold
Septum
transversum lies caudal to heart after the folding and develops into central tendon of diaphragm fold also affects the arrangement of the primordium of body cavity which consists of a flattened horseshoe shaped cavity before folding
Head
Tail Fold
Results
primarily from growth of the distal part of the neural tube is primordium of the spinal cord
This As
embryo grows, the caudal eminence projects over the cloacal membrane folding, part of endoderm is incorporated into the embryo as a hindgut
During
Tail Fold
Terminal
part of the hindgut soon dilates to form the cloaca is the primordium of urinary bladder and rectum folding primitive streak lies cranial to the cloacal membrane folding it lies caudal to it
Cloaca
Before
After
connecting stalk (primordium of umbilical cord) is attached to the ventral surface of the embryo
(a diverticulum of yolk sac) is partially incorporated into the embryo
Allantois
on sides of the embryo produces right and left lateral folds produced by rapidly growing spinal cord and somites rolling of the edges of embryonic disc form roughly cylindrical embryo
Is
Ventrolateral
the abdominal walls form, part of endoderm is incorporated into the embryo as the midgut
there is a wide connection between midgut & yolk sac folding the connection is reduced to yolk stalk
Initially
After
Umbilical cord forms from the connecting stalk As it forms, ventral fusion of the lateral folds reduces the region of communication between intraembryonic and extraembryonic coelomic cavities to a narrow communication Amniotic cavity expands and obliterates extraembryonic coelom
Derivatives of Endoderm
Endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of:
Trachea Bronchi lungs
Derivatives of Endoderm
Endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of:
Gastrointestinal tract
Liver
Pancreas Urinary bladder
urachus
Derivatives of Endoderm
Endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of:
Pharyngotympanic tube
Tonsils
Parathyroid glands
Formation of Gut
Primordial
gut at the beginning of the 4th week is closed at its: end by oropharyngeal membrane end by the cloacal membrane
Cranial
Caudal
Formation of Gut
Primordial
gut forms during the 4th week as the head, tail and lateral fold incorporate the dorsal part of the yolk sac into the embryo
endoderm of the primordial gut gives rise to most of the epithelium and glands of the digestive tract
The
Formation of Gut
The
epithelium at the cranial and caudal ends of the tract is derived from ectoderm of the stomodeum (mouth) proctodeum (anal pit) muscular, connective tissue, and other layers of the wall of the digestive tract are derived from the splanchnic mesenchyme surrounding the primordial gut
The
Formation of Gut
For descriptive purposes the primordial gut is divided into 3 parts:
Foregut Midgut Hindgut