Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
The legal forms of companies, such as the corporations are: Public limited liability company (PLC) Limited liability company (LLC) General partnership Limited partnership Sole trader Co-operative Limited Liability Partnership
may face are of the companies and not of the shareholders The CEO is elected by a Board of Directors The BOD is elected by the shareholders after certain predetermined interval Special or extra share holder meetings are called in case of special situation when the shareholders deem it necessary Usually listed in one or many Stock exchanges Rules of stock exchanges define some minimums to capital, cash flow and market value for PLCs to be viable for trading
and debts the company may face Managed by a CEO in US and by Managing Director in UK Both are elected by a Board of Directors The BOD is elected by the share holders in scheduled meetings. Extra share holder meetings can usually be called up if enough share holders deem it necessary for some reason
7. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP-1
Formed by two or more persons The owners are all liable for legal actions and debts the
company may face personally Created by agreement, proof of existence, etc. In General: A form of business entity in which 2 or more co-owners engage in business for profit. For the most part, the partners own the business assets together and are personally liable for business debts. Sharing Profits: In the absence of a partnership agreement, profits are shared equally amongst the partners. A partnership agreement, however, will usually provide for the manner in which profits and losses are to be shared.
8. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP-2
Unlimited Personal Liability for Losses: Each
Partner is, jointly and severally, personally liable for debts and taxes of the partnership. For example, if the partnership assets are insufficient to satisfy a creditor's claims, the partners' personal assets are subject to attachment and liquidation to pay the business debts. Liability for a partner's debts: Each general partner is deemed the agent of the partnership. Therefore, if that partner was apparently carrying on partnership business, all general partners can he held liable for his dealings with third persons.
9. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP-3
Each partner may be held jointly liable for a co-partner's
wrongdoing Technically, a partnership terminates upon the death, disability, or withdrawal of any one partner. Generally, in such case the shares of the departed partner (s) are purchased by the remaining partners In the absence of a partnership agreement, each general partner has an equal right to participate in the management and control of the business. Ordinary disagreements are decided by a majority of the partners. Extraordinary disagreements and amendments to the partnership agreement require the consent of all partners Unless otherwise provided in the agreement, no one can become a member of the partnership without the consent of all partners. However, a partner may assign his share of the profits and losses and right to receive distributions ("transferable interest").
LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP A business structure under which one partner might not be
personally liable for the actions of another partner. It offers considerably more protection for partners compared to a traditional partnership. The limited liability in some ways makes an LLP something of a hybrid between a corporation and a traditional partnership.
a large number of workers placed at different levels Successful functioning of the corporations depends on the collective effort of the people engaged at different corporate strata Corporate positions are named differently, known as corporate titles or business titles that act as a means of identifying and distinguishing those positions functions The functions ideally should be different. However, experience show many overlaps that often create management difficulties An ideal organization makes functions and titles very specific to avoid internal and external confusions.
positions. These refer to 3-letter initials starting with "C" and ending with "O: "Chief . Officer The traditional offices are:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
In
banking, insurance, and other financial services companies positions, such as Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Risk Officer positions are found.
comics companies or a web design companies), there is sometimes a Chief Creative Officer (CCO), responsible for keeping the overall look and feel of different products.
positions and the titles in the corporate system Some companies designate Chairman and CEO as the top executive, while the number two is the President Other companies have a President and CEO without official deputy Typically, C-level managers are "higher" than Vice Presidents, although many times a C-level officer may also hold a vice president title, such as Executive Vice President and CFO. The board of directors is technically not part of management itself, although its chairman may be considered part of the corporate office if he or she is an executive chairman.
boards:
Executive Board for the day-to-day business and Supervisory
and the chairman presides over the supervisory board, and these two roles will always be held by different people. This ensures a distinction between management by the executive board and governance by the supervisory board. Above is similar to the government structure that makes distinctions between the political cabinet and the civil service.
elected by the shareholders and is often equivalent to the Supervisory Board in EU countries The Executive Board is generally known as the Executive Committee or Executive Council in US, composed of the division/subsidiary heads and Clevel officers report directly to the CEO, who performs dual function: both as head of the BOD and The EB/EC.
directors. Chief Architecture Officer (CAO): A relatively new executive-level position at a corporation, company, organization, or agency, typically reporting directly to the CEO or board of directors. The CAO is responsible for the architecture of the whole enterprise. Chief Academic Officer (CAO): In some academic institutions the CAO is in charge of all Academic aspects of the learning institution. Chief Accounting Officer (CAO) Chief Accounting Officer (CAO) Chief Analytics Officer (CAO): High-level corporate manager with overall responsibility for the analysis and interpretation of data relevant to a company's activities; generally reports to the CEO. Chief Audit Executive (CAE): High-level 'independent' corporate executive with overall responsibility for the internal audit
level position at a corporation, company, organization, or agency, typically reporting directly to the CEO or board of directors. The CBO is responsible for a brands image, experience, and promise, and propagating it throughout all aspects of the company. The brand officer oversees marketing, advertising, design, public relations and customer service departments.
responsible for commercial strategy and development Chief Communications Officer (CCO) Chief Compliance Officer (CCO): In charge of regulatory compliance, especially Sarbanes-Oxley Chief Content Officer (CCO): The executive responsible for developing and commissioning content (media) for broadcasting channels Chief Creative Officer (CCO) Chief Credit Officer (CCO)
customer-centric companies for the total relationship with an organizations customers. Chief Data Officer (CDO) Chief Debriefing Officer (CDO): Responsible for getting the status, and maintaining forward motion in production Chief Design Officer (CDO) Chief Diversity Officer (CDO) Chief Electrification Officer (CEO): Responsible for electrical generating and distribution systems
(US): It is the highest ranking management person. His role is comparable to the role of CEO within CG. Chief Financial Officer CFO: High-level corporate officer with oversight of corporate finances; reports to the CEO. Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO) Chief Information Officer (CIO): High-level corporate manager with overall responsibility for the company's information resources and processing environment; generally reports to the CEO or COO.
management of the IP assets and potential IP-related liabilities of the enterprise Chief International Officer (CIO): Responsible for development and implementation of overseas markets Chief Investment Officer (CIO): High-level corporate officer responsible for the assets of an investment vehicle or investment management company and/or responsible for the asset-liability management (ALM). Reports to the CEO or CFO. Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO): Responsible for managing intellectual capital and the custodian of Knowledge Management practices, usually in a legal organization Chief Legal Officer (CLO)/General Counsel/GC Chief Learning Officer (CLO): Responsible for all Learning/Training Operations Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)
CTO may report to the CEO, CFO, general counsel or the internal audit function. Chief Technology Officer (CTO)/Chief Technical Officer): Responsible for the company's technology. Chief visionary officer Chief Web Officer Financial Control Officer, FCO or FC, also Comptroller or Controller : Supervises accounting and financial reporting within an organization Director or Member of the Board of Directors: High-level official with a responsibility of overseeing the operation of a corporation and elects or removes officers of a corporation.
responsible for a major business function and who sometimes reports to a Vice President. Often used with name of a functional area; Finance Director, Director of Finance, Marketing Director, and so on. Not to be confused with a Member of the Board of Directors who is also referred to as a Director. Alternatively, a manager of managers is often referred to as a "senior manager' or as an "associate vice president", depending upon levels of management, and industry type. Fellow: Often a very senior technical position and is equal to a director or VP President: Legally recognized highest "titled" corporate officer, and usually a member of the Board of Directors. There is much variation; often the CEO also holds the title of President, while in other organizations if there is a separate CEO, the President is then second highest-ranking position.
or law firm. Owner/Proprietor or Sole Proprietor Partner: Used in many different ways. This may indicate a co-owner as in a legal partnership or may be used in a general way to refer to a broad class of employees or temporary/contract workers who are often assigned field or customer
high-level technical worker such as Principal Engineer or Principal Scientist. Vice Chairman: Officer of the Board of Directors who may stand in for the Chairman in his/her absence. However, this type of Vice Chairman title on its own usually has only an advisory role and not an operational one. Vice President: Middle or upper manager in a corporation. They often appear in various hierarchical layers such as Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, Associate Vice President, or Assistant Vice President, with EVP usually considered the highest and usually reporting to the CEO or President.