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What is Technology ??
Is Applied Science Is a way of doing things Is systems & artifacts incorporating knowledge of physical and social worlds which affect societys activities & organizations.
It is a mistake to attribute Japans success to technology alone and a bigger mistake to consider technology to be the only answer to improved U.S quality and productivity.
Technology is automation & mechanization, machines and computers, and semiconductors and new inventions, but the term has a much broader meaning. It is a means of transforming inputs in to outputs.
Good Companies
buy technology to improve processes, reduce lead times, boost quality, & increase flexibility.
Landmark Paper less Office, Ibd
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Technology includes
methods, procedures, & techniques which enable this transformation both machines & methods
No one can argue convincingly against the use of the hardware side of technology to improve both quality & productivity.
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Few Examples In Design -Automobile chassis, engine parts, & suspension parts,machine tools, -Circuit configuration in PCB in for electronic products. -Facilities to minimize unnecessary movements of materials, people, & products. -Evaluate physical interaction between man/workplace (in AC cockpits, truck cabs, passenger vehicles, cranes, forklifts) Contd...
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CAD-Examples. Contd ..
Computer parts & subassemblies Military Hardware, Electronic Calculator, Machine Tool press working tools & dies Molds for investment casting electric motors, Design of earth-moving equipment, bridges
CAD replaces manual design of drafting with interactive computer, with Pen.
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Advantages of CAD
1. Speedy Evaluation of Alternatives. Designer questions What IF scenario (to Cost if I cut weight & volume) Impact on physical properties if modify design? 2. Error Reduction. Because CAD relieves designer of need to make tedious, time consuming decisions & reduces computations, fewer errors are made.
Contd
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Advantages of CAD
3. Minimization of Risk in Functioning. Possible uses can be evaluated ahead of time, avoiding possible failures.
4. High Rate of Return on Investment. where Task repetitive, complex & timeconsuming in nature, CAD is highly useful, with the ROR 10:1 to 50:1.
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CAM Contd
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Inventory control (computerized MRP) Capacity planning Operator scheduling Automated inspection Efficiency & flexibility of the software used add effectiveness.
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CAM contd..
CAM recent development than CAD Most cases-inseparable, so referred to as combination as CAD/CAM. Integration avoids reconstructing, reformatting, reentering, & reproducing the data that are common to all corporate operations.
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PROBLEMS IN CAM
Lack of in-house computer knowledge. High initial cost Inability to verify adequate rate of return of investment Unavailability of appropriate software
Contd
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ADVANTAGES OF CAM
1. Improved Utilization of Resources Well-managed plants 15 & 30 % of time waiting for parts, tool, & supervisors instruction. Reduced idle time-better scheduling these things. 2. Lower Inventory Costs, JIT (Kanban) system of inventory Toyota uses CAM, savings due to reduced inventory costsmade Toyota highly price competitive. Contd
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CIM contd
Design Automation- drafting, design & simulation: Manufacturing planning, including process planning, routing & rating, tool design. Parts Programming& shop floor control- numerical control, assembly automation, testing, & process automation.
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4.
ROBOTICS
An industrial robot is a reprogram-able multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices, through variable programmed motions to accomplish a variety of tasks. It, is a general-purpose automation device. A mechanical arm rather than a mechanical human being. Contd.
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ROBOTICS Three basic components: manipulator, power supply, & control system.. Not just sit-alone units.can be integrated with other devices & machines in automated or flexible mfg systems. Robotics technology improve partial & total productivities, as there is some natural liking of robots.
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ADVANTAGES OF ROBOT
1. Work 03 shifts, round clock, uninterrupted, no overtime. 2. Perform difficult tasks-handling heavy parts, hot melt slabs, poisonous, radioactive, hazardous chemical. 3. Improve quality by consistency in mfg operations. 4. Save substantially on wages, salaries, & fringe benefits. Contd
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Robots in Industry
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Spot Welding Spray painting Arc welding Grinding/debarring Material handling (loading & conveyance) Machine loading/unloading Assembly (e.g., assembling steering locks) Contd
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ROBOTIC CLASSIFICATIONS
BY CONFIGURATION Cartesian- coordinate Robot Cylindrical coordinate robot Polar (spherical coordinate) robot. Revolute (jointed arm) robot. BY FUNCTION Programmable servo controlled, continuouspath. Programmable, servo controlled, point to point. Programmable, nonservo robots, point to point. Mechanical transfer devices (pick & place)
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5.
Laser-assisted inspection lasers will be used in machining. LT in conjunction with fiber optics for comm purposes. Tremendous savings potential with laser. Initial cost of laser technology is relatively high.
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6.
Use of chemical energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, & hydrogen energy. Considerations must be taken into account. Economics of production & distribution of the energy Effect on environmental, ecological, & social aspects of system Rate of depletion & rate of replenishment (if any) of the energy resource.
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GT is a rapidly developing productivity improvement technique - have a significant impact on development of totally integrated mfg facilities & FMS. Organization & planning production parts into batches some similarity in (a) geometry & (b) processing sequence. Aims at a detailed classification & grouping of parts by size. Contd
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Contd
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CG Contd
4. Virtual elimination of costly storage of paper drawing or paintings. Initial investments-graphics terminals & software, Productivity is concerned, the time for designing, drawing & reproducing is considerably reduced. Thus Human
Productivity is bound to improve.
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MM Cont
Effective means of cutting down maintenance costs & increasing human productivity, fixed capital productivity, & energy productivity, in most cases. In light metal working & fabric-producing plants, maintenance employees may account 4 percent of workforce. In processing plants, heavy industry, & plants with complex eqpt, maintenance personnel can represent up to 40 percent.
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ECT.. Contd
Potential Areas for Energy Saving are:
Material-handling equipment Lighting of unnecessary areas Air-conditioning & heating equipment Motors, boilers etc Entrances & exits from air-conditioned areas Car pools Energy control for machinery Pollution at the source (causing clean up problems else where)
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