GROUP 3 Your Filter Partners

Concio, Aishel Larissa V. Delgado, Mariel Andreen T. Erespe, Christine Joy P. Estenor, Fatima Mariel Q. Fernando, Jose M.

FILTERING

ANALOG FILTER
System that performs mathematical operations on a sampled, continuous-time signals to reduce or enhance certain aspects of that signal.

BASIC FILTER TYPES

LOW PASS FILTERS HIGH PASS FILTERS BAND PASS FILTERS BAND STOP FILTERS

LOW PASS FILTERS

a circuit offering easy passage to low-frequency signals and difficult passage to high-frequency signals.

LOW PASS FILTERS

TYPES OF LOW PASS FILTERS
Inductive low-pass filter Capacitive low-pass filter

TYPES OF LOW PASS FILTERS

Inductive low-pass filter

TYPES OF LOW PASS FILTERS

Capacitive low-pass filter

LOW PASS FILTER

LOW PASS FILTER

HIGH PASS FILTERS

The opposite of a low-pass filter; To offer easy passage of a high-frequency signal and difficult passage to a low-frequency signal.

HIGH PASS FILTERS

HIGH PASS FILTERS

BAND-PASS FILTER
A combination of low pass filter and a high pass filter

BAND-PASS FILTER

Device that passes frequencies within a certain range and attenuates frequencies outside that range.

BAND-PASS FILTER

BAND-PASS FILTER

BAND STOP FILTER

It can be made out of a low-pass and a high-pass filter, connected in parallel with each other.

BAND STOP FILTER

Kind of filter passes all frequencies above and below a particular range set by the component values.

BAND STOP FILTER

BAND STOP FILTER

FILTER STANDARD RESPONSE

BUTTERWORTH FILTER CHEBYSHEV FILTER BESSEL FILTER

BUTTERWORTH FILTER
The maximally-flat response by Stephen Butterworth, a British physicist. The roll off is smooth and monotonic, with a lowpass or high pass roll off rate of 20 dB/decade for every pole.

BUTTERWORTH FILTER

CHEBYSHEV FILTER
A mathematical strategy for achieving a faster rolloff by allowing ripple in the frequency response. Used to separate one band of frequencies from another.

CHEBYSHEV FILTER

As the ripple increases (bad), the roll-off becomes sharper (good)

BESSEL FILTER
Maximally flat response in both magnitude and phase Nearly linear-phase response in the pass band

BESSEL FILTER

AMPLITUDE RESPONSE

DIGITAL FILTER
System that performs mathematical operations on a sampled, discrete-time signals to reduce or enhance certain aspects of that signal.

DIGITAL FILTER
x(n) where: x(n)=input sequence y(n)=output sequence

Digital Filter

y(n)

INPUT SIGNAL
Generated by sensing device (microphone) speech

DIGITAL FILTER
OUPUT SIGNAL
Having less noise or interferences With reduced redundancy for more efficient transmission

DIGITAL FILTER
Used for two general purposes: (1)separation of signals that have been combined, and (2)restoration of signals that have been distorted in some way.

FILTERING OPERATIONS
Noise Suppression
Received radio signals Signals received by image sensors

Electrical signals measured from human body

FILTERING OPERATIONS
Enhancement of selected frequency range
Treble and bass control or graphic equalizer Enhancement of edges in images

FILTERING OPERATIONS
Bandwidth Limiting
Means of aliasing prevention in sampling

communications

ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL FILTER

ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL FILTER

ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL FILTER

ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL FILTER

AVERAGER FILTER

FILTER DESIGN
FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTER DESIGN A type of a discrete-time filter. The impulse response is finite because it settles to zero in a finite number of sample intervals. INFINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTER DESIGN Class of digital filters that may have both zeros and poles on the z-plane

FIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES: Exactly linear phase is possible Always stable, even when quantized Design methods are generally linear Efficient hardware realizations Startup transients have finite duration
DISADVANTAGES

Higher filter order than IIR filters Corresponding greater delays

IIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGE: lower order than FIR designs DISADVANTAGE: nonlinear phase

LETS HAVE A GO.

plot(ecg(500)); title('clean waveform'); char default; x=ecg(500)'+0.25*randn(500,1); %noisy waveform h=fdesign.lowpass('Fp,Fst,Ap, Ast',0.15,0.2,1,60); d=design(h,'equiripple'); %Lowpass FIR filter

MATLAB SYNTAX

y=filtfilt(d.Numerator,1,x); %zero-phase filtering y1=filter(d.Numerator,1,x); %conventional filtering subplot(211); plot([y y1]); title('noisy waveform'); subplot(212); plot(ecg(500)); title('clean waveform');

Thank you :D

Concio, Aishel Larissa V.