Multi tier car parking system

Introduction

This system includes parking of lot more cars in a particular area And this is used for large buildings and for superior space efficiency . Its operating systems are: lift , side sliding, pallet. The lift carries the car to each floor. When we press a start switch, the lift starts automatically and immediately senses the space in the parking station. If the space is available the lift will start or stop on particular floor, which is displayed in the LCD. If no space is available the, lift stops and displays the message no space. If all the spaces are vacant the lift will park the vehicle on priority basis.

In order for the proper working of this system PC interface can be done, in that a visual C# program will be written to accomplish the task of entering the information at the time of entry. . The PC will communicate to the PIC C through RS232 protocol, COM port.

They hold nearly twice as many vehicles as similarly sized conventional garages.

TYPICAL AREA OF APPLICATION:

Multi_tier car parking management Reserved car parking lots Car plate identification auto_ID Vehicle rental lots Surveillance at restricted areas like VIP enclosures, nuclear power plants.

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Blocks of multi_tier car parking system contains PIC microcontroller, RFID reader, LCD module, vehicle position sensor, relay system, alarm, led array, server etc.

. RFID READER

The RFID reader will present at the entry side of parking lot. The user swaps the RFID and the reader verifies the RFID number with the data being stored in the Database. The RFID tag can be read when passed near a reader. The RFID tag includes a small RF transmitter and a receiver. An RFID reader (twoway radio transmitter receivers called interogetters or readers) transmit an encoded radio signal to interrogate the tag. The tag receives the message and responds with its identification information, and transmit their information to the server.

SERVER

This block contains PC front end and back end. The identification information got from RFID tag is send to this server and this server will evaluate the information with the data which has already registered in the Database. After the evaluation thee response will be send to the PIC microcontroller for further working.

PIC MICROCONTROLLER

PIC 18F452 is the microcontroller responsible for controlling different part of this project. Its an 16-bit microcontroller with 40 pins. All the action of the embedded side are controlled by the program (embedded c program) in this microcontroller. According to that the information get from the server will pass to the LCD module at the same time it will control the output modules also.

LCD MODULE

This will be present at the input side. After reading the information from the RFID tag, and checked with the data which has already stored in the Database, and if both the details matches the user is valid and the details like Name, Amount, Balance, vacant floor position will be displayed on the LCD.

VEHICLE POSITION SENSOR

An active infrared vehicle sensor capable of detecting vehicle position. Here in each floor we use IR sensor inorder to check whether there is a vehicle in the floor or not

STEPPER MOTOR

The stepper motor is a device which translate electrical pulses into mechanical movements. Stepper motor permanent magnet rotor and is surrounded by stator. In a single step how much movement is made, depends on the number of teeth on the rotor or stator. Here the stepper motor is used for the movement of lift. The stepper motor is connected to a particular port of microcontroller and is operated in normal sequence.

ALARM

When an invalid user tries to enter into the parking area an alarm will be sounded. And he can park his vehicle only after registering.

LED ARRAY

In this LED array an indicator with green and red LED is kept to indicate whether the lift is busy or free. If the red LED glows that indicate the lift is already busy and the person has to wait for the green LED to glow.

components

1. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER 220 TO 9 VOLT AC- 750 MA 2. DIODE IN 4007 ( 2) 3. CAPACITOR 1000MFD(2) 16 VOLT 4. REGULATOR 7805 ( 3 PIN REGULATOR) 1A 5. RESISTOR: FIXED 470 OHM.(3) 10 K OHM (1) 4,7 K (2) 6SENSOR (10) 7. LCD 2 BY 16 8. VARIABLE RESISTOR 4. 7 K OHM 9 DC MOTOR GEAR SLOW SPEED 9-12 VOLT-250 MA 10. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR 12 MHz 11. DISC CAPACITOR 27 PF (2) 12. PUSH TO ON START SWITCH (1) 13 MICROCONTROLLER PIC 18F452

Advantages of Multi-tier car parking system

Automatic multi-storey car parks provide lower building cost per parking slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area than a conventional facility with the same capacity. However, the cost of the mechanical equipment within the building that is needed to transport cars internally needs to be added to the lower building cost to determine the total costs. Other costs are usually lower too, for example there is no need for an energy intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and human cashiers or security personnel may not be needed. A multi-storey car parks offer greatest possible flexibility for the realization of optimum parking solution. A fast parking process in which the driver does not have to maneuver his car or drive backwards, guarantees highest comfort and security. A single lift serves 6 to 12 parking spaces per level taking up a minimum of space. Time-saving vertical and horizontal movements take place simultaneously ensuring fast parking and retrieval times.

Limitations of a multi-tier car parking system:

The subjective analysis has shown that the greatest effects of a Multi-Storey Car Park on Surrounding Residential Blocks are the air and noise pollution caused by the motor vehicles. Parking lots also tend to be subject to contamination with concentrated spots of pollutants such as motor oil. Also, they often cover large contiguous areas with impermeable paving surface. This means that virtually all of the rain (minus evaporation) that falls becomes runoff. The parking lot must be built to effectively channel and collect runoff. Traditionally, the runoff has been shunted directly into storm sewers, streams, or even sanitary sewers. However, larger municipalities now require retention basins to catch runoff to reduce the stress on sewer systems. Many areas today also require minimum landscaping in parking lots. This usually principally means the planting of trees to provide shade. Customers have long preferred shaded parking spaces in the summer, but parking lot providers have long been antagonistic to planting trees because of the extra cost of cleaning the parking lot