Exploring Wireless Networking

Wireless LANs

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Market Trends

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Differences Between WLAN and LAN

WLANs use radio waves as the physical layer.

o WLANs use CSMA/CA instead of CSMA/CD for media access.

Radio waves have problems that are not found on wires.

o Connectivity issues: Coverage problems Interference, noise (giao thoa, ting n) o Privacy issues

o Two-way radio (half-duplex) communication.

Access points are shared devices similar to an Ethernet hub for

WLANs must meet country-specific RF regulations.
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shared bandwidth.

Radio Frequency Transmission

Radio frequencies are radiated into the air via an antenna, Objects can affect radio wave propagation resulting in:
o Reflection(giao thoa) o Scattering(ri rc) o Absorption(s ht)
creating radio waves.

Higher frequencies allow higher data rates; however, they have a

shorter range.

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Organizations That Define WLAN

ITU-R:

International Regulates the RF used in

wireless

Telecommunication UnionRadiocommunication Sector

IEEE:

Institute of Electrical and 802.11 documents wireless

technical standards Electronic Engineers

Wi-Fi Alliance:

Global nonprofit industry Promote wireless growth

trade association
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ITU-R with FCC Wireless

ISM: industry, scientific, and No license required

medical frequency band

No exclusive use Best-effort Interference possible

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IEEE 802.11 Standards Comparison

802.11b Frequency band No. of channels 2.4 GHz 3 802.11a 5 GHz Up to 23 802.11g 2.4 GHz 3

Transmission

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

1, 2, 5.5, 11

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54

Data rates [Mb/s]

6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 1, 2, 5.5, 11 36, 48, 54

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Wi-Fi Certification
Wi-Fi Alliance certifies interoperability between products.

Products include 802.11a, 802.11b,

802.11g, dual-band products, and security testing.

Provides assurance to customers of

migration and integration options.

Cisco is a founding member of the Wi-Fi Alliance. Certified products can be found at http://www.wi-fi.com.
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Summary

People now expect to be connected at any time and place.

Both WLANs and LAN use CSMA. However WLANs use collision
Radio frequencies are radiated into the air by antennas, where The IEEE defines the 802.11 standards.
they are affected by reflection, scattering, and absorption. avoidance while LANs use collistion detection.

However, the most tangible benefit of wireless is the cost reduction.

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Summary (Cont.)

The ITU-R local FCC wireless bands are unlicensed. The 802.11 standards are a set of standards that define the One of the primary benefits of the Wi-Fi Alliance is to ensure
interoperability among 802.11 products. frequencies and radio bands for WLANs.

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