COMPARISON OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS OF USA, UK & INDIA

Political System: the way a government makes policy & organizes administration.
Republic: Head of state is elected. Democracy: Decision made by people collectively for the nation.

Representative: Decision making indirectly by the people.

Federalism: Power distributed Central Government & smaller internal units. Constitutional: Nations Laws organized under written constitution.

UK POLITICAL SYSTEM:

UK POLITICAL SYSTEM:
England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland. Constitutional Monarchy. Unwritten Constitution. Comprises of : Queen (Monarch): Formal & Symbolic Head of State. Duties: Commander in Chief of all armed forces.

Head of the Church of England. Formally Summon & Dissolve Parliament. Visit various states & other countries for common wealth.

Prince Charles (Prince of Wales) heir to the throne.

UK POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Parliament: Supreme Legislative Body & Highest Authority. Comprises of :

House of Lords: Chosen through Hereditary & Life Peers/Peeresses.

Function: Law Making. House of Commons: Elected in General Elections held in 5 years.

Government: Formed by majority party in parliament. Head appointed by the Queen.

UK POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Cabinet:

Executive Organ of the Government.

Comprises of Leading Ministers, Head of Government Departments and 2ND largest party forms the Opposition.

Political Parties: Labour Party & Conservative Party.

US POLITICAL SYSTEM:

US Government

Legislative

Executive

Judicial

Congress

President

Cabinet

Supreme Court

Senate

House of Representatives

15 Departments under Cabinets

US POLITICAL SYSTEM:
Federal System. The Federal Government has three branches/arms: Legislative Branch House of Representatives Senate Executive Branch The President The Cabinet The Federal Departments and Agencies Judicial Branch The Supreme Court Other Federal Courts

US POLITICAL SYSTEM:
Head of Government & Judiciary share powers. Federal & State Governments share sovereignty. Judiciarys Function is to interpret Constitution & federal laws & regulations, resolve disputes between executive & legislative. State Governments:

power to make laws for citizens, bicameral legislature (except Nebraska).

Local Government: directly serve the needs of people, Generally of 3 types:

Mayor Council: Elected Chief of executive branch,

Elected Council representing neighborhoods forming the legislative branch.

US POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Commission: Each commissioner supervises & set policies for

for one or more city departments.

Council Manager: Elected Council makes city ordinances and sets

policies but hires a paid administrator.

County Government:
Subdivision of State, Two or more townships & several villages, One of these is designated with County Seat, Government offices, board of commissioners & supervisors meet in the county seat.

Town & Village Government:

Too small to qualify for city governments, These are chartered as towns, villages and deal with local needs.

US POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Town Meeting: Registered Voters of a town meet to elect officers, debate local issues & pass laws for operating the government.

Political Parties:
Democratic Republican Development of two party system in US: Australian Secret Ballot Method, First Red Scare(1919-1920). modern liberal platform, conservative platform.

INDIA POLITICAL SYSTEM:

INDIA POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Parliamentary form of Government, which is bicameral. 28 states & 7 Union Territories. Three Basic Pillars:

Legislature,
Executive, Judiciary.

Legislature:
Rajya Sabha: Elected by Legislatures, 1/3 seek election every 2 years, not subject to dissolution, maximum 250 members, 12 nominated by president. Lok Sabha: Maximum 552 members, 20 from UTs & 2 from Anglo Indian Community.

INDIA POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Executive:
President: elected by electoral college comprising of members of both houses of parliaments & state legislatures, advice, encourage & warn the elected government on constitutional matters, commander in chief of the armed forces, state of emergency in which Lok Sabha extends. Council of Ministers: Comprises of Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State & Deputy Ministers. Prime Minister acts as intermediate. Vice President: Ex-Officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Elected by both the houses.

INDIA POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Judiciary: Guardian & Interpreter of Constitution,

Supreme Court: Comprises of Chief Justice & 30 associate justices appointed on the advice of Chief Justice, The President may consult it in case of any issue of fact or law of public importance. High Courts: Chief Justice appointed by President in consultation with Chief Justice of Supreme Court & Governor of the State. Lok Adalats: At the district levels.

COMPARISON INDIA USA:

Federalism: In US the 10th Amendment states that any powers not given to the nation by the Constitution are reserved to the states. In India State Government answerable to Central. Corruption Population 3rd party does not have much scope in US whereas, in India sheer number of people uniting for a single cause form a party and start influencing people in general.

COMPARISON INDIA - UK

Fundamental Continuty:
UK was last invaded by Normans in 1066 A.D.

Judiciary Authority:
India: Supreme Court in case of civil, criminal & constitutional cases, UK has one for England & Wales, one for Scotland & one for Northern Ireland.

Status & Origin of Political Parties.

COMPARISON US UK:
US

UK

Presidential based No Cabinet Minister allowed to be member of Congress Not much Flexible There are general elections for officials, judges, head of police depts.

Prime Minister based Every govt. minister must be a part of either of the houses Flexible (customs, traditions & practices) Only few Mayors & some new innovations are elected

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