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Concrete Mix Design means, determination of the proportion of the concrete ingredients i.e. Cement, Water, Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate which would produce concrete possessing specified properties such as workability, strength and durability with maximum overall economy.
This Method is based on two basic assumptions Compressive Strength of Concrete is governed by its Water-Cement Ratio Workability of Concrete is governed by its Water Content
Grade of concrete Type of cement Type and size of aggregate Maximum/minimum cement content Maximum free water-cement ratio by weight Degree of workability of concrete Type of mixing and curing water Type of admixture used
Compressive Workability
strength
Durability Maximum nominal size of aggregate Grading and type of aggregate Quality Control
(1)
Target mean strength of concrete:The target mean strength for specified characteristics cube strength is Fck = fck+ 1.65s Fck = 20+1.65x4 Fck = 26.6 Mpa f ck = characteristics compressive strength of 28 days. S = standard deviation. t = a statistical value depending on expected proportion of low results= 1.65 as per IS 456:2000
Grade of concrete
Assumed Standard
Deviation N/mm2
From figure the water cement ratio required for the target mean strength of 26.6Mpa is 0.50. This is lower than the maximum value of 0.55 prescribed for Mild exposure (refer table below) adopt W/C ratio of 0.50.
Sl. Exposure No. Plain concrete Minimu Maximu Minimu m m free m cement W/C grade content ratio of s kg/m3 concret e 220 0.60 240 250 260 280 0.60 0.50 0.45 0.40 M 15 M 20 M 20 M 25 Reinforced concrete Minimu Maximu m m free cement W/C content ratio s kg/m3 300 300 320 340 360 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.40 M 20 M 25 M 30 M 35 M 20
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
From table(1) below,for 20mm maximum size aggregate ,Sand conforming to grading zone II. Water content per cubic meter of concrete =186kg and Sand content as percentage of total agg. By absolute volume =35% For change in value in W/c ratio, compacting factor, for sand belonging to Zone III, following adjustment is required:-
Change in condition
% adjustment required
Water content
sand in aggregate
For decrease in water cement Ratio by(0.60-0.50) that is 0.1 For increase in compacting factor (0.90-0.80), that is 0.10 For sand conforming to Zone III Of table 4, IS: 383-1970 Total
-2.0
+3
0
+3
-1.5
-3.5
Table 1:- Approximate sand and water content per cubic meter of concrete W/C =0.60, Workability =0.80 C.F. (Slump 30mm approximately) (Application for concrete up to grade M35)
Maximum Size Of aggregate (mm) Water content including surface water per cubic Metre of concrete (kg) Sand as percent of Total aggregate by absolute volume
10 20 40
40 35 30
Table 2:- Adjustment of value of Water content and sand percentage for other conditions
Therefore required sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume = 35 - 3.5 =31.5% Required Water content = 186 + 5.58 =191.6 l/m3
Where,
V = Absolute volume of concrete, which is equal to Gross volume (m3) minus the volume of Entrapped air,
W = mass of water (kg)/m3 of concrete, C = mass of cement (kg)/m3 of concrete Sc = Specific gravity of cement P = Ratio of FA to total aggregate by absolute
volume fa, Ca = Total masses of FA and CA (kg)/m3 of concrete Respectively and Sfa, Sca = Specific gravities of saturated, surface dry FA & CA Table 3:- Approximate Entrapped air content
10 20 40
fa =546kg/m3 Ca =
Ca = 1188kg/m3
191.6
383
546
1188
0.50
1.425
3.10
Super
DESCRIPTION: Sikament 170 is a purpose designed material which is a chemical combination of Modified Lignosulphonates.
Sikament 170 allows the manufacture of economic high quality concrete without undesirable side effects. Sikament 170 is a ready to use liquid for producing a more uniformly cohesive quality concrete to meet the specifications and needs of Architects, Consulting Engineers and Contractors.
Dry
Material Content %: pH Value: Water Soluble Chloride Content %: Alkali Content %: (as Na2O equivalent)
USES:
ADVANTAGES:
METHOD OF USE:For maximum dispersion Sikament 170 should be added with the mixing water, on no account should it be added to the dry cement. Where concrete is being mixed by ready mixed trucks, Sikament 170 can be added at the batching plant but the trucks must rotate their drums until a uniform mix is achieved. To produce flowing concrete a well proportioned pump mix should be used.
DOSAGE:The dosage rate of Sikament 170 is best found after initial site trials, which will take into consideration the best performance/dosage rate. As a guide an addition rate of between 0.30.5% by weight of cement is recommended (ie 0.150.25 litres per 50 Kg).
(1) Results of standard mix:Cubes Dial gauge reading(KN) Surface area of cube Strength of cube in days 7 14 28 15.55
1.
350
15cmx15cm
2.
360
15cmx15cm
16.00
3.
390
15cmx15cm
17.33
Hence,
Average
strength of concrete in 7 days is= 16.30 N/mm2 strength of concrete in 14 days is= N/mm2 strength of concrete in 28 days is= N/mm2
Average
Average
(2) Results of mix after adding super Plasticizer:Cubes Dial gauge reading(KN) Surface area of cube Strength of cube in days 7 14 28
1.
400
15cmx15cm
17.77
2.
380
15cmx15cm
16.90
3.
380
15cmx15cm
16.90
Hence,
Average
strength of concrete in 7 days is= 17.19 N/mm2 strength of concrete in 14 days is= N/mm2 strength of concrete in 28 days is= N/mm2
Average
Average
We have concluded that the result obtained from the standard mix is less when compared to the mix design with super plasticizer. The 7 day strength of standard mix was 16.30 N/mm2, where as the 7 day strength of mix after adding super plasticizer was 17.20 N/mm2. We have also seen that the workability of standard mix was less than the workability of the mix with super plasticizer. The slump value of standard mix was found to be 20mm, where as the slump value of the mix with super plasticizer was 25mm which is more than the standard mix.
Presented by :
Mahesh Sahu Md. Hasil Khan Devendra Yadav Saddam Husain Khan Tumeshwar Sahu