Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Outline
Features of the spoken language
Teaching spoken English: Principles and practice How to use A Speaking Course
(1)
e.g. She sells seashells on the seashore, the shells she sells are seashells Im sure.
(2)
Contraction:
a reduced form often marked by an apostrophe in writing
e.g. cant = cannot Ill = I will
Elision:
the omission or slurring (eliding) of one or more sounds or syllables
e.g. gonna = going to wanna be = want to be wassup = whats up
Ellipsis:
the omission of part of a grammatical structure
(3)
False start:
when a speaker stops after beginning an utterance and then either repeats or reformulates it. e.g. right well let's er --= let's look at the applications -- erm - let me just ask initially this
(The CHRISTINE Project: http://www.grsampson.net/RChristine.html)
Repairs:
an alteration suggested or made by the speaker, the addressee or the audience to correct or clarify a previous conversational contribution.
Fillers:
- no particular meanings - provides time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn e.g. er, uhm, ah, well.
Compare with the Chinese filler neige.
(4)
Back-channeling:
Feedback for a speaker, meaning I understand you or Im listening. e.g. I see, really, uh huh or oh
Turn-taking:
a typical, orderly arrangement in which participants speak with minimal overlap and gap between them. Short-turns: one or two sentences; long turns: can be an hours lecture.
(5)
Accent: the ways in which words are pronounced. Factors: age, region or social class, e.g. RP Dialect: The distinctive grammar and vocabulary associated with the regional or social use of a language, e.g. Bernard Shaws Pygmalion.
(6)
Different functions Interactional talk: Conversational language for interpersonal reasons and/or socializing. E.g. chitchat. Primarily listener-oriented. Transactional talk: Language to get things done or to transmit content or information. Primarily speaker-oriented.
e.g. I saw a big tree on the top of the mountain. The use of songs in the teaching of pronunciation: Do Re Mi (Unit 1)
Tell me and I'll forget; Teach me and I'll remember; Involve me and I'll learn. Benjamin Franklin?
Thank You