National O.O.

Bohomolets Medical University

Orthodontics and Prosthodontics Propedeutics Department Causes of the origin of tooth and dentition defects in children, their distribution in children population. Peculiarities of examination of children with tooth and dentition defects. Objective of the children dental prosthetics, its clinical-biological justification. Lecturer Flis P.S. Professor, MD Assistant lecturer Filonenko V.V. Assistant, PhD

Orthodontics - a science, which is

engaged in studying the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics, methods of treatment and prophylaxis of dentoalveolar apparatus persistent anomalies in children and adults, and also the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostics, methods of treatment and prophylaxis of defects of teeth, dentitions, and face in children.
Professor Flis P. S.

Three main factors have effect on the correct growth and formation of the dentomaxillary apparatus:
1. Growth biological potency. 2. Eruption of teeth. 3. Mastication function.

Functions of temporary teeth

Biting off and mastication Esthetic Phonetic Articulation Swallowing Breathing Moreover, temporary teeth ensure: jaw growth stimulation; eruption stimulation; occlusion formation; establishment of physiological raising of the occlusion height; correct development of the muscular system; development and differentiation of the temporomandibular joint elements.

Functions of permanent teeth

Biting off mastication Esthetic Phonetic Articulation Swallowing Breathing and

The forces acting on the tooth and hold it in position in the dentition. If one of the forces is eliminated, such as removing the adjacent medial tooth, there is a medial tilt or shift mesial tooth.

Early removal of temporary teeth impairs the dentition integrity that causes changes of the mastication function. In the beginning, these changes have an adaptive nature, while later they play a part of etiological factors of appearance of dentomaxillary deformations.

Deformation of the occlusal plane as a result of early removal of temporary teeth.

Defective teeth and dentition in children because of complicated caries

Dentition defects in children develop due to various reasons, the main of which is caries and its complications 78-91%. The second cause of dentition defects by the frequency of occurrence in children is a dental trauma. The third place by the frequency of occurrence is adentia 1.2-4%. An insignificant part among other factors of dentition defects in children include: retention, surgical interventions, periodontitis, PapillionLefevre syndrome, infectious diseases, syphilis, tuberculosis, etc.

Dentition defects as a result adentia

Functional changes with dentition defects

Impairment of the function of: mastication biting off speech swallowing breathing digestion Esthetic function

Changes of functions of mastication and mimic muscles

Functional changes from the side of temporomandibular joints

Impairment of the entire organism development

Morphological changes with dentition defects

- Histogenesis impairment in tissues of permanent teeth - Changes of enamelgenesis of crowns of the permanent teeth - Premature eruption or delay of eruption of the permanent teeth (retention of teeth) - Intraosseous displacements of follicles of the permanent teeth - Eruption beyond the dentition - Delay of growth of the alveolar process and jaws as a result of damage of the growth zone localized around temporary teeth - Impairment of formation of the dental arches and occlusion on the whole - Shortening of the dental arches as a result of tooth displacement to the defect side - Shortening of the defect itself as a result of displacement of teeth, which bound it to the side of the latter - Concentration of teeth (crowding) - Dentoalveolar extension to the defect side, at that, clear dental eruption has not been observed in children, and the tooth descends together with the alveolar process - Impairments of process of the occlusion establishment - Changes from the side of formation of the temporomandibular joint elements - Formation of pernicious habits

Patient M., 2 years 8 months., diagnosis: a defect of lateral and central temporary incisors in the upper jaw as a result of caries

Standard metal crowns (3M Dental)

Physiological root resorption of tooth

Prosthesis by L.V. Ilina-Markosyan

Prosthesis by .. Gofung

Prosthesis by V.P.Okushko

Prosthesis by .N. Shamsiev

Prosthesis by S.I. Tril

Interdental prophylactic prosthesis

Interdental prophylactic prosthesis

Prosthesis by T.V.Sharova

Prosthesis by Y.I.Babaskin

Thank you for attention!