Computer Communication & Network Management Department of Computer Systems Engineering MUET Jamshoro

Jokhio Sultan Salahuddin Kohistani 07CS24

Agenda Wireless Communications

Introduction Generations of Wireless Communications EM spectrum Modes/Types Wireless Computer Networks Techniques Security Ad hoc Networks

Wireless Communication Wireless Computer Networks Wireless LANs Spread Spectrum LANs IEEE 802.11 Architecture Specification Standard Adhoc Networks

Wireless

Without wires or without physical conducting material or carrier. Unguided Medium

Communication

Information propagation from source to destination.

Hence, Wireless Communication;

Transfer of information over a distance without utilizing electrical conductors or "wires".

Far Distant (Larger Range) Communication

Cellular/Mobile Communications Wireless Computer Networks Radar Communication Satellite Communication Broadcasting (Analog/Digital)
TVs Radios

Near (Shorter Distance) Communication Bluetooth Infrared

 Wireless

Local Area Networks (WLANs) Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs)

A LAN with every end device/node having wireless access to share hardware, software and other devices and Resources.
End devices

other devices

End devices

End devices

 Infrared

(IR) LANs

Spread

Spectrum LANs

Limited to single room

b/c waves does not penetrate opaque walls

GHz to 400 THz Excellent potential for data transmission

Keyboard, mouse, Printers, and end devices can communicate Original standard data rate of 75 kbps for a distance up to 8 m. The recent standard defines a data rate of 4 Mbps.

IEEE 802.11 committee Standards Makes use of Spread Spectrum transmission techniques. Most Popular type of WLAN Usable without having to go to licensing procedure
Operates in ISM [Industrial, Scientific, and Medical {902928MHz (915MHz), 2.4-2.4835GHz (2.4GHz), 5.7255.825GHz(5.8GHz)}] microwave band. Higher the frequency, Higher the potential Bandwidth.

Access Point (AP) Basic Services Set (BSS) Coordination Function Distribution System Extended Services Set (ESS) MAC protocol data Unit (MPDU) MAC service Data Unit (MSDU) Station/Node/End Device

Access Point (AP)

Also called Wireless Access point (WAP) or central Base Station. a device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or related standards. WAP or AP connects to router or any other Layer 3 device Can perform switching function b/w wireless devices Wired devices can also be connected to it

A typical Wireless Access Point

Basic Services Set (BSS)

Building block of a wireless LAN. is made of stationary or mobile wireless stations and an optional central base station, also known as the access point (AP).

*A BSS without an AP is called an ad hoc network A BSS with an AP is called an infrastructure network.

Access Point is Optional Without Access point stations still can communication

Coordination Function
logical function Uses CSMA techniques with CA Determines when a station is permitted to transmit
and may able to receive the PDU.

Distribution Function
A system used to interconnect
A set of BSSs & integrated LAN to create ESS

An Extended service set (ESS)

is made up of two or more BSSs with APs. In this case, the BSSs are connected through a distribution system, which is usually a wired LAN. The distribution system connects the APs in the BSSs. IEEE 802.11 does not restrict the distribution system;
it can be any IEEE LAN such as an Ethernet.

MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)

The unit of data exchanged b/w two peer MAC entities using the services of the physical layer.

MAC Protocol Data Unit (MSDU)

Stations

Information that is delivered to the user.

Any device that contains an IEEE 802.11 conformant MAC and Physical layer.

ESS

IEEE 802.11x LAN

ESS

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance CSMA/CA

Increase in Portable Devices Simplicity and Flexibility Reliable and Secure Higher Data Rates, Speed and Reach Technology Cost Savings Trend

Data less secure

The waves could be damaging to our health Modulation technique required for efficient transmission.

Authentication
A function that determines whether a Station is allowed to participate in network communication.

Implementing network encryption Security Protocols

WEP (Wireless Equivalency protocol) WPA (Wireless Protected Access)

Data is In Air
Even with Encryption creative minded hackers can sniff your data and corporate confidential information.

Even with encryption, the data between client and APs are available for anyone to capture.
Danger for Humanity

An Adhoc network is a peer-to-peer network (no central device) set up temporarily to meet some immediate needs.
When all station are mobile stations, with no connection to other BSSs, the BS is called IBSS(Independent BSS), some times referred as Ad hoc network In simple words, it is decentralized network

Welcome Questions!

The World Wide web (Internet)

Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia IEEE ACM
http://www.wikipedia.org/en http://www.ieee.org http://www.acm.org

Books

Computer Networks

Data Communications and Networking Data and Computer Communications

Stallings William 6th ed.

Tanebaum S. Andrew 4th ed.

Forozon A. Behrouz 4th ed.