CHAPTER 8 & 9_ AUDIO & VIDEO

TYPES OF DATA

Whats the difference between audio and sound? Is it the same?

Audio Is audible; electrical representation of sound, Sound Vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear.

Audio can be used to enhance the multimedia applications in number of ways. Examples;
Digital storybook with voice narrator
Animation with sound effects Talking dictionary

Include narration effectively in training and

educational applications.

Digital Storybook with Voice Narrator

Animations with Sound Effects

Talking Dictionary

Audio on the web pages include background music, narration and sound effects In multimedia website, audio are either:
content sound or
ambient sound

Content sound furnish information (narration, dialogue, music and other sound that part of the information) Ambient sound reinforce messages and set the mood (background sounds and special effects)

Audio can be found on the web for:

Hover button sound Set the mood (background music)

To draw attention (in web banner/advert)

Entertainment (audio/video streaming)

Sound is described in terms of two characteristics:

Frequency (or pitch)

Amplitude (or loudness)

Advantages
1. It can convey meaning, providing an extra

channel of information
if the meaning is unclear to a user using visual information alone, the audio may clarify it.

2. Add a sense of realism - Sound effects to support movement in animation

3. Add interest to a presentation program

3. Ease of communication - Provide audio in step-by-step tutorial will make the instructions easier to understand

Disadvantages
1. Files can be large
Most media (elements) especially audio have a big file

2. Audio is not memorable

For most people, audio is not as memorable as visual media

3. Need special hardware and software

Users must have appropriate hardware and software as the input and output

There are 3 types of sound objects that can be used in multimedia productions:
waveform audio

MIDI sound tracks

MP3 files

Is the first audio file format developed for the PC Waveform format file is .wav Just as video digitizer can be used to grab any picture a camera can see, waveform audio digitizers can record any sound you can hear

WAV files are defined as lossless, nothing has been lost.

MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. is an electronic music format Commonly used for computer keyboards and other computer-based musical tools MIDI files have a .mid filename extension.

AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format Is Apples Macintosh waveform format

MP3 stands for MPEG Audio Player 3. Normally a compressed WAV file. MP3 file format is usually small in size. This type of file is used widely over the internet for others to download due its small file size

Is a software used to manipulte digital audio (record, edit start and stop time, adding audio effects, mixing tracks) For examples; Adobe Soundbooth, Audacity, Cool Edit Pro

Video provides a rich and lively resource for multimedia applications. There are 4 types of video that you can use as the objects of links in multimedia applications:

Videotape Videodisc Digital video Hypervideo

The most widespread video medium is videotape. Corporations use videotape to provide justin-time training, and public libraries have collections of instructional videotape (step by step tutorials).

Is a circular disc that contains both audio and video signals recorded in an analog form.

 videodisc became one of the most popular 20th century

means of providing video to multimedia applications in education, government, and industrial training.

The popularity of videodisc has waned, however, due to the

emergence of digital video and DVD.

Most promising and exciting video storage medium. Like waveform audio, digital video is stored in files on a hard disk, CD-ROM, or DVD. Digital video can be randomly accessed by frame, letting you play specific clips. High-speed Pentium processors can play fullscreen video without needing any special hardware installed.

Stands for Digital Versatile Disc A high-density videodisc that stores large amounts of data, esp. high-resolution audiovisual material.

Or it is called hyperlinked video Hypervideo is a video that contains:

embedded links that allow navigation between

video and other media elements.

Is used to edit movies or videos (cut, delete scenes & adding effects to videos) For example Adobe Premier, Final Cut Pro, iMovie and Windows Movie Maker

There are 3 phases of video development processes:

Pre-production (visualizing and sketching

storyboards, writing the scripts and creating a production schedules) Production (shooting the video to get video footage) Post-Production (editing the video)

*Explain the 3 phases *Give one example of video project and suggest the procedures and steps in developing the video project

PRE-PRODUCTION
Project Information Gathering
This is the first step in the process of creating your video. We arrange a meeting to discuss all the needs for your project. The purpose for this meeting is for a budget to be determined, and to get our creative team the necessary information to prepare a quotation.

Quotation
After careful review of the notes from the initial meeting, we prepare a quotation based on your needs and goals. Upon approval of the quotation, we proceed through the production.

PRE-PRODUCTION
Outline and Script Review
This is the meeting where you give us all the relevant information you want included in your video (storyboard, production schedule). Based on the script, all of the needed shots are mapped out before any shooting begins. This process is best known as storyboarding.

PRODUCTION
Video Shoot
With our professional cameras and staff, we begin the video shoot. Following the shot list, we capture all of the footage with attention to creativity and detail.

Narration Recording
The narrator that you select records the narration that will enhance the visuals.

POST-PRODUCTION
Digital Editing
The editing process begins, following the agreed upon script. We deliver a rough edit for your review. A final edit is created based upon your feedback and creative input.

Mastering and Duplicating

The final presentation is mastered onto a digital format. We can then handle any of your duplication needs for videocassettes, CD-ROM or DVD.

Video provides a rich and lively resource for multimedia applications. The usage of videos on the Web are:
Online training programs (for staff orientation) Video demonstrations of complex procedures and

equipments Sell products and services for online advertising

Make sure the sound or music and the video match or complement one another
Use high-quality video footage, that lends credibility and a professional feel to your Web site Coordinate your video files to complement the graphic, animation and sound elements used on the Web site Do not overuse transition

Trim footage that is excessive, boring or inconsistent with your purpose

Properly place and time video clips so that they are consistent with the other media content