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Parallel hybrid Basic definitions necessariness drive train electric vehicles Parallel hybrid Difference with the series mode electric vehicles drive train electric vehicles Advantages and disadvantages Parallel hybrid parallel hybrid drive train with torque coupling devices drive train Parallel hybrid drive train with speed coupling electric vehicles devices
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Nissan car
coupled together by mechanical coupling. In the next figure,it has been shown clearly manner.
architecture is that two mechanical powers from the engine and electric motor are added together by a mechanical coupler.
trains are also available, in the parallel hybrid trains There are some advantages of the parallel hybrids over the series. These are mentioned on the next
Both the engine and the electric motor directly supply torques to the driven wheels and no energy form conversion occurs,thus the enrgy loss may be less
it is compact because there is no need for an additional generator and the traction motor is smaller than in series. but also there are some disadvantages along with the advantages are that,
and the drive wheels ,since the the engine operating points cannot be fixed in a narrow speed and torque region. 2) The other major disadvantage is the complex structure and control.
are linked together with a fixed relationships and cannot be independently controlled because of the power conservation constraint .
and motor can be added together and all the torques are linked together and cannot be independently controlled.
This figure shows some common mechanical Torquecoupling devices AND THEIR UTILISATION
this figure have been used for various concept making purpose,so, in this regard it is important to see this
Torque coupling
The previous fig shows a mechanical torque
coupling,which is a three port,two degree of freedom mechanical device. Port 1 is a unidirectional input ans ports 2 and 3 are bidirectional input or output,but both are not input at the same time. Here input means the energy flow into the device and output means energy flow out of the device.
Torque coupling
The port 1 is connected to an ic engine directly
or through a mechanical transmission. Port 2 is connected to the shaft of an electric motor directly or through a mechanical transmission. Port 3 is connected to the driven wheels through a mechanical linkages.
the torque coupler is equals to the power output from it. Now in one cases lets taking that,port 2(electric motor) is propelling.that means,it is input.
the power output to the vehicle wheels is T3w3=T1w1+T2w2..(1) The torque coupler can be expressed as T3=k1T1+k2T2(2) Where k1 and k2 are the structural parameters of the torque coupler,which are described by the gear ratios and usually are constant when the device design is fixed. T3 is the load torque,and T1 and T2 are propeling torques that are independent of each other,and can be independently controlled.
speed coupling
coupled together by adding their speeds. Similar to the mechanical torque coupler,the speed coupler is also a three port,two degree of freedom mechanical devices. Port 1 may be connected to an IC engine with unidirectional flow.Ports 2 and 3 may be connected to an electric motor and to the load(final drive). Both of these two have to be bidirectional energy flow.
The mechanical speed coupler has the property w3=k1w1+k2w2 Where k1 and k2 are constants associated with the structural and geometric design. Among the three speeds,w1,w2,w3,two of them are independent to each other These can be controlled independently. The torques are linked together by T3=(T1/K1)=(T2/K2*) IN WHICH THE MINIMUM TORQUE DETERMINES THE OTHER TWO
Speed coupling
Hybrid electric drive train with speed coupling of a planetary gear unit
coupling units can be used to constitute various hybrid drive trains. In the prev. fig the engine supplies its power to the sun gear through a clutch and transmission. The transmission is used to modify the speedtorque profile of the engine,so as to match the traction requirements. The transmission may be multigeared or single geared .
Modern Electric ,Hybrid Electrics and Fuel Cell Vehicles , By----- Mehraad Ehsaani Yimin Gao Ali Emadi
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