Main points

 What is the breast

cancer?
 Stages of breast cancer
 Breast cancer statistics
 Risk factors
 Symptoms of breast
cancer
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 Breast Cancer
IF You Or A Loved One Has Been Diagnosed With Breast Cancer It Is
: Important To Understand Some Basics

? What is breast cancer

Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells
.simply cancer occurred as a result of mutation or
abnormal changes in the genes responsible for growth of
cells and keeping them healthy .genes act as control room
of each cell . Normally the cells in our bodies replace
themselves through an orderly process of cell growth,
healthy one replace the old .over time mutation can turn
on certain genes and tern off others in a cell . that changed
cell gain the ability to keep dividing without control or
order , producing more cells just like it and forming a
.tumor
Tumor can be benign ( not dangerous to health ) or
. ( malignant ( dangerous Chem : H.Farag
 Stages of breast cancer
Over time , cancer cells can invade healthy
breast tissue and make their way into lymph
nodes (small organs that filter out foreign
substances in the body ). If cancer cells get
into the lymph nodes ,they have path way into
. other parts of the body

The breast cancer stages refers to how far the

cancer cells have spread beyond the original
.tumor

: The breast cancer has four stages

stage 0. : very early cancer
stage I : cancer is 2 cm or less and is confined
to the breast (lymph node is clear ) cannot
be detected outside the breast .systemic
treatment (treatmentChemthat
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stage II : the cancer may or may not spread
to lymph nodes under the arm
Stage III. : stage III is divided into IIIA and IIIB

Inflammatory breast cancer : the breast

looks as if it is inflamed because of its red
. appearance

stage IV :the cancer has spread to other

organs of the body , most often the bones ,
.soft tissue (skin) , lung , liver or brain

RECURRENT : that means the cancer has

come back ( recurred ) after it has been
treated . It may come back in the breast , in
the soft tissue of the chest , or in another
. part of the body Chem : H.Farag
 Breast cancer statistics
 Breast cancer incident in women in the
united states is 1 in 8 about (13%).
 For the women in the united states ,
breast cancer death rates are higher than
those for any other cancer besides lung
cancer .
 Besides skin cancer , breast cancer is the
most commonly diagnosed cancer among
US women . More than 1 in 4 cancers are
breast cancer .
 About 20 – 30 % of women diagnosed with
breast cancer have a family history of
breast cancer .
 In Egypt breast cancer
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represent 19.29%
 Represent 30% from all women cancer
 About 5-10 % of breast cancer are caused by
gene mutations inherited from mother or
father . Mutation in BRCA1 AND BRCA2
genes are the most common .
 Men with a BRCA1 mutation have 1% risk of
developing breast cancer by age 70 and 6%
risk when they have a BRCA2 mutation .
 About 90% of breast cancers are due to
genetic abnormalities .
 The most significant risk factors for breast
cancer are gender (being women) and age
( growing older ).

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 Risk factor
Risk Factors Divided Into Two
Type:

 Risk Factors That You Can Control

1-weight : being overweight is associated with increased

risk of breast cancer , especially for women after
menopause .fat tissue is the main source of estrogen after
menopause , when the ovaries stop producing the hormone
. having more fat tissue mean having higher estrogen
levels that can increased breast cancer risk .

2-Diet : is a suspected risk factor for many type of cancer

,including breast cancer .some researchers believe that
eating too much cholesterol and other fats are risk factor
for breast cancer , and studies show that eating a lot of red
and processed meats is associated
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3-Exercise: Evidence assure that exercise can
reduce breast cancer risk .The American
Cancer Society recommends engaging in 45-
60 min of physical exercise per day .

4-Alcohol consumption: increased risk of

breast cancer .
5-smoking
6-Recent oral contraceptive use :women who
stopped using oral
contraceptive more than 10 years ago do
not appear to have any increased breast
cancer risk .
7- Exposure to estrogen :that stimulate breast
cell growth , exposure to estrogen over long
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periods of time , without any breaks can
Risk Factors You Can Not
Control :

1-Gender : being a women is the most significant

risk for developing breast cancer .
2-Age : from age 30 to 39,the risk is 1 in 233 . That
jump to 1 in 27 in the age 60 .
3-Family history : if you have a first-degree
relative (mother, daughter, sister) who has had
breast cancer you could at risk of getting breast
cancer.
4-Race : white women are slightly more likely to
develop breast cancer than American women .
5-Exposure to estrogen can also not under control
as:
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starting menopause at a young age (before
 Symptoms of breast
cancer
Breast cancer may not cause any symptoms . A
lump may be too small for you to fell or to cause
any unusual changes you can notice.
In some cases , the first sign of breast cancer is a
new lump or mass in the breast . a lump that is
painless , hard ,and has uneven edges is more
likely to be cancer .
According to the American Cancer Society , any of
the following unusual changes in the breast can
be a symptom of breast cancer :
 Swelling of all or part of the breast .
 Skin irritation
 Breast pain
 Nipple pain
 A lump in the underarm
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 Treatment and side
effects
We have several treatments
against breast cancer:

 Surgery: breast conserving

surgery (lumpectomy) ,
mastectomy .
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation therapy.
 Hormonal therapy .
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 Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a systemic therapy ; this
means it affect the whole body by going
through the blood stream.
the purpose of chemotherapy and other
systemic treatments is to get rid of any
cancer that may have spread from where
the cancer started to another part of body .
chemotherapy is effective against cancer
cells because the drug love to interface with
rapidly dividing cells.
 Side
effect of
chemotherapy:
The side effect come because cancer cells
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 For many women its an important “insurance
policy” against cancer recurrence.

 Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy also called radiotherapy –is
highly targeted ,highly effective way to destroy
cancer cells in the breast .
Radiation can reduce the risk of breast cancer
recurrence by about 70%.
We have two type of radiation therapy:
1- external radiation 2-internal
radiation

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 External radiation
External radiation is the most common type of
radiation ,in this technique ,a large machine
called a linear accelerator aims a beam of high-
energy radiation at the are affected by cancer.

 Internal therapy
Internal radiation is a less common method of
giving radiation , its being studied for use after
lumpectomy.

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 Breast Cancer In Men
Less common than in women ,it is possible
for men to develop beast cancer .man
breast cancers account for approximately
1% of all breast cancer.
Sign of male breast cancer
:
 Abnormal lumps or swelling in either the
breast , nipple or chest muscle.
 Nipple retraction (turning inward)

 Redness of the nipple or breast skin

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 Risk factor for male
breast cancer
 Approximately 1% of all breast cancer
occur in men
Risk factor include :
 Advancing age :The average age of men
diagnosed with cancer is between 60 and
70 years old.
 Family history : Approximately 20% of
men with breast cancer have close female
relative who have breast cancer.
 Radiation exposure
 Gene mutation Chem : H.Farag