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ZXG10-BSS
Objectives
Be familiar with GSM fundamental Be familiar with the base principles of ZXG10-BSC,BTS Be good at OMCR operation Be familiar with common operation of Solaris and Oracle DB Be able to complete installation and commissioning independently
Agenda
Feb 20 ~ Mar 4 GSM Fundamentals BSC Fundamentals OMCR Fundamental and Operation BTS Structure Equipment Installation Solaris Maintenance OMCR Server Operation Data Configuration-1 Data Configuration-2 OMCR Installation On-site training
GSM Fundamental
Shengmin Jiang jiang.shengmin@zte.com.cn
Analog
Digital
GSM
CDMA
PDC
AMPS(America)
NMT (North Europe) TACS (U.K.) Disadvantages of First Generation Analog Mobile Communication System
Not standard interface No Mobile Data Services Less efficiency of the Freq No roaming automatically Lower security
GSM
CDMA
PDC
GSM CDMA
TDMA
CDMA 13%
GSM 69%
PDC
Analog
Percentage
100 80 60 40 20 0 1998
Africa Latin America Western Europe
2000
2002
2004
Agenda
MSC/VLR BSC BIE BTS Abi s BSS C Um MS HLR/ AUC A MSC/VLR E PSTN ISDN PSPDN H SC/VM MSS
F
EIR
Terms
MS : BSS: BSC: BTS: Mobile Station Base Station Subsystem Base Station Controller Base Transceiver Station
MSC: Mobile Services Switching Center OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center AUC: Authentication Center EIR: Equipment Identification Register
Terms
HLR: VLR: MS: ISDN: PSTN: PSPDN: PLMN: Home Location Register Visitor Location Register Mobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network Public Switched Telephone Network Packet Switched Public Data Network Public Land Mobile Network
MSC
3 identities essential the International Mobile subscriber Identity the Mobile station ISDN Number the VLR address
MSC/VLR BSC BIE BTS Abi s BSS C Um MS HLR/ AUC A MSC/VLR E PSTN ISDN PSPDN H SC/VM MSS
F
EIR
Mobile Station
MS Equipment used by mobile service subscribers for access to services. . Mobile Equipment Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Mobile stations are not fixed to one subscriber. A subscriber is identified with the SIM card.
BaseBand Unit: voice and data speed adapting and channel coding RF Unit: modulating/demodulating, transmitter and receiver Common Control Unit: BTS operation and maintenance
BSC
TC in BSC
TC in BSC
SM
SM TC Ate r interfac e
MSC A interfa ce
Agenda
O AM
Subsc riber
CM MM RR Tran smissi on
MS CM MM RR RR
BTS
BSC
MSC CM
RR BTSM
BS SAP MTP3
LAPDm Um
LAP Dm LAPD
TDMA
Concept:
time
User 3 User 2
User 1
Frequency
GSM adopts TDMA/FDMA mode channel width: 200KHz each channel has 8 timeslots
channel is composed of a series of timeslots of periodicity. Different signal energies are distributed into different timeslots. The adjacent channel interference is restricted by connection choosing from time to time. So the useful signal is passed only in the specified timeslot.
FDMA
Concept:
In a relative narrow channel inside a frequency domain, the signal power is concentrated to transmit the signal. Different channels are distributed into different channel. The interference from and to adjacent channels is restricted by the BPF. Thus, in specified narrow channel, only the useful signal energy can be passed, while any other signal will be excluded.
Time
User 1
User 2
User 3 Frequency
FDMA
code
User 2
TDMA
time
frequency
CDMA
frequency
Frequency
200KHz
BP
time interval
15/26ms
Frequency Resource
GSM900 : up: 890~915MHz down: 935~960MHz duplex interval: 45MHz bandwidth: 25MHz frequency interval: 200KHz EGSM900 : up: 880~890MHz down: 925~935MHz duplex interval: 45MHz bandwidth: 10MHz frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1800 : up: 1710-1785MHz down: 1805-1880MHz duplex interval: 95MHz working bandwidth: 75MHz frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1900MHz: up:1850~1910MHz down:1930~1990MHz duplex interval: 80MHz working bandwidth: 60MHz frequency interval: 200KHz
Frequency Resource
Single Band Network
Which one?
High
New Operator
Propagation Characteristic
For Operator For Subscriber
Frequency Resource
Single Band Network
Single Band
900MHz 1800MHz
Dual Band
Triple Band
1900MHz
In a sense, the network determines the handsets can be selected. But nowadays, most handsets support dual band.
Frequency Resource
Single Band Network We know
Propagation characteristic
The higher the propagation frequency The higher the propagation loss 900MHz 1800MHz 1900MHz
SACCH/TCH FACCH
Physical Channel
0
8
1
9
2
10
3
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
The physical channel adopts FDMA and TDMA techs. On the time domain, a specified channel occupies the same timeslots in each TDMA frame, so it can be identified by the timeslot number and frame number.
Channel Type-Summary
14.4Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F14.4) 9.6Kbit/s FR TCH(TCH/F9.6) Data CH TCH Voice CH 4.8Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F4.8)
channel
BCH CCH
CCCH
DCCH
Channel Type
Traffic Channel
Transmit voice and data
Signaling Channel
transmit the signaling and synchronous data between BTS and MS.
Channel Type
BCH : Frequency Correction CHannelFCCH -- for MS error correction Synchronous ChannelSCH) -- for MS frame synchronization and BTS recognization Broadcasting Control CHannelBCCH -- broadcasting information(cell selection information, etc..)
Channel Type
DCCH
Self-help Dedicated Control ChannelSDCCH for channel distribution information transmission
to
combined with one traffic channel, taking the same signal as SDCCH. It occupies the service channel to transmit signaling information.
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R (c) FCCH+SCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4(0,...,3)+SACCH/C4(0,...,3)
Basic Theory
Network Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement Security Management
Omni-directional cell Adopt omni-directional antenna the overall directional propagation characteristic is the same.
O
Directional cell In general, cell with multi-sector is in common use. Every directional cell adopts directional antenna.
BTS Mode
Capacity
When the traffic is very low, and no possibility for quick increment, Omni-directional cell is used in common. Otherwise, we suggest to adopt the sector cell.
Note: TRX-transceiver,each TRX handles 1 frequency. Coverage Area Sector cell is often used to enlarge the cell coverage radius because of the higher antenna gain. For special coverage ,such as road coverage, two-sector cell is adopted firstly.
System capacity
Erlang : the traffic intensity of a totally occupied channel (i.e. the call hour of a unit hour or the call minute of a unit minute). For example, the traffic of a channel occupied for 30 minutes in an hour is 0.5 Erlang) GOS: defined as the probability of call blocking or the probability when the call delay time is longer than a given queuing time.
Agenda
Interference
Co-Channel Interference
Conception:
the interference among the signals of cochannel cells is called co-channel interference. Result from : Frequency reuse Reduction method: co-channel cells must physically be spaced at a minimum interval to ensure adequate isolation of transmissions.
Interference
Adjacent Channel Interference Conception: The signal interference from the frequency adjacent to that of the signal used is called adjacent channel interference. Reduction method: accurate filtering and channel allocation (maximizing channel intervals of the cell). Interval of frequency reuse inter-cell interference, such as C/I, C/A
Solution --Anti-interference FH technology Dynamic power control (DPC) Discontinuous Transceiving (DTX) Diversity receiving technique
Two aims can be achieved by adopting DTX mode: lower the total interference electric level in the air save transmitter power.
TRAU
BTS
BTS
MS
480 ms
Agenda
Frequency Reuse
D3 C1 C3 A1 D2 B2 A1 A2 B1 B3 C2 A1 A3 D2 C1 C3 C2 D1 D3 A2 B1 C3 B2 A1 A3 D2 A1 B1 B3 C2 D1 D3 D2 C1 C3
4 3 reuse mode: one group includes 3 sectors /site ,12 frequency which are distributed to 4 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
Frequency Reuse
B3 C1 C3 A1 A3 B2 C1 A2 B1 B3 A2 A1 A3 C2 A1 A3 B2 C1 C3 B2 C1 B3 A2 B1 B3 A2 A1 A1 A3 C2 A1 A3 B2 C1 C3
3 3 reuse mode: one group includes 3 sectors /site ,9 frequency which are distributed to 3 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
Numbering Arrangement
International mobile subscriber identification number (IMSI)
It identifies a unique international universal number of a mobile subscriber, which consists of MCC+MNC+MSIN. 1) MCC: country code, 460 2MNC: network code, 00 or 01 3MSIN: subscriber identification, H1H2H3H4 9XXXXXX, H1H2H3H4: subscriber registering place H1H2: assigned by the P&T Administrative Bureau (operator )to different provinces, to each province H3H4: assigned by each province/city
the IMSI of user will be written into the SIM card by specific device and software and be stored into the HLR with other user information.
Numbering Arrangement
Mobile subscriber ISDN numberMSISDN
It is the subscriber number commonly used. China uses the TDMA independent numbering plan: CC+NDC+ H1H2H3H4 +ABC CC: country code, 86 NDC: network code, 135139, 130 H1H2H3H4: HLR identification code ABCD: mobile subscriber number inside each HLR
Numbering Arrangement
International Mobile Equipment Identification code (IMEI)
It will uniquely identify a mobile station. It is a decimal number of 15 digits. Its structure is:
TAC+FAC+SNR+SP TAC=model ratification code, 6 digits FAC=factory assembling code, 2 digits SNR=sequence code, 6 digits SP=reserved, 1 digit
Numbering Arrangement
Mobile subscriber roaming number (MSRN)
The MSRN is temporarily distributed to the subscriber by the VLR according to the request by the HLR when this subscriber is called. The MSRN is released and can be assigned to other subscriber later. CC + NDC + 00 + M1M2M3 + ABC CC: country code, 86 NDC: mobile network code, 135139, 130 M1M2: same as the H2H3 of MSISDN ABC: 000 -- 999
Numbering Arrangement
Temporarily Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (TMSI)
To insure the IMSI security, the VLR will assign an unique TMSI number for the accessed subscriber. It is used locally only and is a 4-byte TMSI number BCD code.