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CONTENTS
Definition Introduction Epidemiology Effect of job stress Causes of job stress Way to overcome job stress
Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury. Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
INTRODUCTION
The concept of job stress is often confused with challenge. Studies proves that challenge energizes us psychologically and physically, and motivates us to master our jobs. When the challenge is met, we feel relaxed and satisfied. But, when the challenge has not been met, it turns into job demands that cannot be met, relaxation has turned to exhaustion and a sense of satisfaction has turned into feelings of stress In short, the stage is set for illness, injury, and job failure
homework
Karasek job stress model Quoted the source of finding:
Pilot Doctor Police officer Journalist Prison officer Nurse-Midwife Social worker
High job strain prevalence done among the lab technicians in HUSM and KKM Hospitals in Kelantan from Sept 2001 to Feb 2002
HUSM
KKM HOSPITALs
33.3% 26.8%
KKM HOSPITALS
39.4%
Studies on lecturers of PPSP in USM from Aug 2001 to May 2002 Prevalence of job strain is 23.3%. Prevalence of job dissatisfaction is 42.6%.
fear or panic.
Consequences
Usually, only when defense mechanisms are exhausted or prove inadequate that stress disorders develop. Stress disorders are often preceded by feeling of excessive anxiety, fear, distress, guilt, and shame.-depression
In physical terms, prolonged, repeated or severe stress can precipitate a wide variety of disturbances of bodily functions. They are often referred to as psychosomatic illnesses and include many cases of tension headache, digestive disorders and skin disease. Stress may also play a part in causing high blood pressure, hardening of the arteries, heart attacks and strokes.
Ulcers
Cardiovascular disease Musculoskeletal disorders Increased workplace injury Frequent illness
Irritability
Difficulty concentrating
Behavioral
Difficulty sleeping
Increased used of drugs and alcohol
Job Stress is very costlyin US it cost around $300billion annually due to : Accidents Absenteeism
Employee turnover
Diminished productivity
CAUSES
Infrequent rest break
Long work hour and shiftwork. Hectic and routine task that have little inherent meaning. Do not utilize workers skill. Management styles Career concern
Uncertain job expectations, too much responsibility. Job insecurity and lack opportunity for promotion Unpleasant job conditions such as crowding, noise, air pollution and etc.
Datelines Feeling undervalued Having to take others people works Lacks of job satisfaction Lack of control with working environment Targets
Colleagues irritations:
Seeing others not pulling their weight Managers changing their minds about what they want doing Lack of supports from managers and colleagues Pressure from managers Interruptions by colleagues Bullying behavior from managers and colleagues
Employment approach
Educate employees and management about job stress.
Address work-related stressors, such as inadequate work space & unreasonable work load
Establish regular staff meetings and discussions to communicate feelings, gain support, and share innovative ideas.
Establish stress management programs.
Provide adequate staffing. Provide reasonable shift schedules to allow adequate time for sleep each day. Provide an organized and efficient work environment. Provide educational sessions and other opportunities to improve skills and confidence. Establish programs to address workplace stress, such as: Employee Assistance Programs (EAP), or Organizational Change Programs.
EAPs also provide individual counseling for employees for both work and personal problems.
Individual approach
Alleviating Adaptive Stress
Alleviating The Stress Of Frustration
Avoid Change
If the life change inventory suggests that you are at risk from too much change, stop changing
e.g. don't move now e.g. don't initiate a lifestyle change now