Message Transfer Part (MTP)

Switching Core Network Signalling M14/U4

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Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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Document change history

Date Version Name Change comment

Jan 14, 2008

1.0

Noppamat Poonyarat

Update to NSN template, more slides

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Introduction

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Introduction to MTP
Level 1: SIGNALLING DATA LINK
Defines the physical characteristics towards the transmission medium, a PCM link. Level 2: SIGNALLING LINK Defines message structure, framing, error detection and correction, alignment procedures, and so on.
F CK SIF SIO F B LI I FSN I BSN F B B

Level 3: SIGNALLING NETWORK

2 parts: message handling function (includes message routing and distribution to the respective user parts) and network management function.
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Introduction to MTP
Layer 4 (User Part)

ISUP

TUP

SCCP

Other User Parts

MTP3

Signalling Network Management

Signalling Message Handling

MTP2
MTP1 MTP2
Signalling
Control signals
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Signalling Link Function Signalling Data Link Function

Signalling message flow

Presentation / Author / Date / CN3410-30N

Component of a signalling network

Signalling link

SEP
Signalling end point

SEP
Signalling
end point

SEP
Signalling end point

Signalling link DPC = X

STP
Signalling transfer point

Signalling link DPC = X

SEP
Signalling end point

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SPC and network indicator

Signalling Point Codes National use Length: 14 bits (ITU-T SS7 standard), 16 bits (Japan SS7 standard), or 24 bits (China or ANSI SS7 standard ) Format: can be allocated into subfields International use (ITU-T Q.708) 3bit-8bit-3bit meaning: Zone-Area-Signalling point Network Indicator NA0 National network 0 NA1 National network 1 IN0 International network 0 IN1 International network 1

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MTP Level 2
Signalling link function

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MTP Level 2
Signalling Link Function To provide reliable transfer of signalling messages Functions: Delimitation of signal unit- by means of flags Flag imitation prevention- by bit stuffing Error detection- by means of check bits (CRC16) Error correction- by retransmission Signal unit sequence control- by sequence numbers in SU Signalling link failure detection- by SUERM Signalling link recovery- by level 2 procedures
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MTP Level 2 Functions

User Part
Transmit Buffer Controller Sequence Number Generation FSN Retransmission Buffer BIB BSN Sequence Number Check Checksum Generation and Comparison Message Length Check Flag Generation and Bit-stuffing Level 1
Presentation / Author / Date / CN3410-30N

Received Buffer

Checksum Generation

Flag Detection and Bit-stuffing

Level 1

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MTP Level 2
Creates signalling units of variable length:

1. Message signal units (MSU)

used for the transport of the user part messages.

2. Link status signal units (LSSU)

contain information about state of the signalling link.

3. Fill-in signal units (FISU)

contain no additional information. Used when there is no message to be sent on the link.
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Signal units
F I B B I B

MSU F CK

SIF

SIO

LI

FSN
7

BSN F
7

First bit transmitted

8 16 8n, n>2 8 2 6 1 length indicator >2 and 63

F I B

8 [bit]

LSSU F CK

SF

LI

FSN
7

B I B

BSN F
7

First bit transmitted

8 16 8 or 16 2 6 1 length indicator = 1 or 2
F I B

8 [bit]

FISU F CK
8
For public use IPR applies 13 Nokia Siemens Networks

LI

FSN
7

B I B

BSN F
7

First bit transmitted

16 2 6 1

8 [bit]

length indicator = 0
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Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU)

LSSU F CK
8 16

SF
8 or 16

LI

F I B

FSN
7

B I B

BSN F
7

First bit transmitted

2 6 1

8 [bit]

XXXX

DCBA X000

Bit 000 Bit 001 Bit 010 Bit 011 Bit 100 Bit 101
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Status indication O (SIO) Status indication N (SIN) Status indication E (SIE) Status indication OS (SIOS) Status indication PO (SIPO) Status indication B (SIB)

Link out of alignment Normal alignment Emergency alignment Link out of service Processor outage Busy

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Error correction method

Basic error correction method (Tansmission time<15ms)
Signalling Terminal
Negative Acknowledgement

Signalling Terminal
Retransmission Buffer

Retransmission

MSU

Preventive cyclic retransmission method (Transmission time>15ms)

Signalling Terminal
Send only positive acknowledgement of MSU

Signalling Terminal
Retransmission Buffer:
Delete a positive acknowledgement else cyclically transmit buffer

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Example: Basic error correction

SP A
Last Seq. # sent : 30 Last Seq. # recd. : 40 Last FIB/BIB : 1
F I B B I B

SP B

FSN

BSN
Negative Acknowledgement

1 31

1 40

BSN

B I B

FSN

F I B

F I B

FSN

B I B

Retransmission

30 0

41 1

BSN
Positive Acknowledgement

0 31

1 41

BSN

B I B

FSN

F I B

31 0
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42 1

Signalling link failure detection

Signalling Unit Error Rate Monitoring (SUERM)
If SUERM counter reaches the threshold, the link is declared FAULTY and the CHANGEOVER procedure takes place to a working link.
Alarm level

+1 for every SU in error

-1 for 256 correctly received SUs

ZNOI:0,A:;
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Initial alignment procedure

Initial alignment procedure is used for link activation or
restoration
Activate link
SIO SIO Link Aligned SIN/SIE Link out of service Link Idle

SIN/SIE
FISU FISU FISU Link Proving

FISU

MSU (SLTM) MSU (SLTA)

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Link In Service

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Link Proving
Normal Proving (LSSU=SIN)
216 octects of FISU are sent in 8.2 sec
If FISUs in error <4 Link OK If FISUs in error >4 use of AERM (Alignment Error Rate Monitoring)

Emergency Proving (LSSU=SIE)

212 octects of FISU are sent in 0.5 sec
If FISUs in error <1 Link OK If FISUs in error >1 use of AERM (Alignment Error Rate Monitoring)

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Signalling link failure detection

Alignment Error Rate Monitoring (AERM)
This counter is set to zero to mark the beginning of an alignment period. Every SU in error increments the counter by 1. If AERM<5 (2) within a period, start link in-service procedure If AERM>5 (2) the link is marked faulty

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MTP Level 3
Signalling network function

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Structure of messages from MTP users

User Data CIC OPC DPC SIO

TUP

User Data

CIC

S L S

OPC

DPC

SIO

ISUP

User Data

S L S

OPC

DPC

SIO

SCCP

User Data

S L C

OPC

DPC

SIO

Network Management

F
8 7 8

CK
16

SIF
8n, n>2

SIO

LI
8

F I B 2

FSN I BSN F
B 6 1 7 1 First bit transmitted

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MTP3 message structure

Signalling Information Field (SIF)

User Information

Routing SIO Label

First bit transmitted

SLS

OPC

DPC

Subservice Service Field (SSF) Indicator (SI)

14

14

4
00XX (0H) : IN0 01XX (4H) : IN1 10XX (8H) : NA0 11XX (CH) : NA1

[bit]

OPC Originating Point Code DPC Destination Point Code SLS Signalling Link Selection

0000 (0H): SNM 0001 (1H): SNT 0011 (3H): SCCP 0100 (4H): TUP 0101 (5H): ISUP 1101 (DH): BICC

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ZNPI;
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Signalling network function

2 functions: Signalling message handling
Discrimination (using DPC) Distribution (using SIO) Routing (using DPC and network indicator)

Signalling network management

Signalling traffic management (changeover procedure, changeback
procedure, and so on) Signalling route management (TFP, TFA, and so on) Signalling link management (link activation, deactivation, restoration procedure)

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Signalling message handling

User Part
MTP3

ISUP

TUP

SCCP

Network Management

Signalling message handling

Message distribution
DPC = own SPC

DPC own SPC

Message routing

Message discrimination

MTP2
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Signalling Link Selection (SLS)

To control the LOAD Sharing the selection of a Signalling Link in a Signaling Route Set, giving the corresponding SLC

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Load sharing within a linkset

LINK
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 12 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 13 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 14 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 15 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 16 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

SLS
0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ZNEO:NA0,XXXX;

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Load sharing between link sets

LINK SET
SLS
0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8

ZNRI:NA0,XXXX;

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Signalling network management messages

The SIO in MSU classifies two groups: Signalling network management (SNM) SI in SIO=0000 Signalling network testing and maintenance (SNT) SI in SIO=0001

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SNM structure

MSU F CK

SIF

SIO

LI

F I B

FSN

B I B

BSN F

First bit transmitted

User Information H1

H0 4

SLS 4

OPC 14

DPC 14

SSF 4

SI 0000 4 [bit]

SSF H0 H1

Subservice Field Heading code indicating which message group the message belong to Heading code indicating the message within the group in question

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Heading code for SNM messages

H0 GROUP 0000 CHM ECM FCM TFM RSM MIM TRM DLM UFC 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1010 COO ECO RCT TFP RST LIN TRA DLC UPU CSS CNS CNP RSR LUN LIA LUA COA ECA TFC TFR 0001 0010 0011 0100

H1 0101 0110 0111 1000

CBD

CBA

TFA

LID

LFU

LLT

LRT

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SNT messages
There are only two SNT messages: Signalling Link Test Message (SLTM) Signalling Link Test Acknowledge (SLTA)

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Signalling traffic management procedures

-Changeover -Changeback

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Changeover procedure
In case of a signalling link failure, the signalling traffic from a failed link is diverted to one alternative signalling link using a changeover message. Procedure

1. The signalling traffic from a faulty link is stopped. New signalling

messages for this link are buffered in the transmission buffer of signalling link X.

2. An alternative signalling link (link Y) is chosen. 3. A changeover message (COO) is sent to the remote end. This
changeover message contains the signalling link code (SLC) of the faulty link and the FSN of the last successfully transmitted MSU. 4. The reception of COO message is acknowledged by sending a changeover acknowledgement (COA) message. 5. The signalling link selection table is changed.

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Changeover to a parallel link

0) Faulty link

SLC = X

A
H1=0001=COO H1=0010=COA
0

SLC = Y
1) COO (SLC=X, FSN) 2) COA 3) Change SLS table in CCSU

Changeover order signal Changeover acknowledgement signal

H1 H0=0001 (CMN)

FSN of last accepted MSU

Routing Label
32

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Changeback procedure
The objective of the changeback procedure is to ensure that the transfer of the signalling from the alternative signalling link to a signalling link that has become available again is successful. Procedure 1) Automatically the traffic is returned to the now available signalling link. 2) The signalling link selection (SLS) table is updated and the new information is distributed to all CCSUs. 3) A changeback message (CBD) is sent to the remote end and acknowledged with a changeback acknowledgement message (CBA)
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Changeback to a recovered link

SLC = X

0) Recovered link

A
H1=0101=CBD H1=0110=CBA
Changeback code

SLC = Y
1) CBD (SLC=X) 2) CBA 3) Update SLS table in all CCSUs

Changeback declaration signal Changeback acknowledgement signal

H1 H0=0001 CHM

Routing Label
32

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Signalling route management procedures

-Transfer-prohibited -Forced rerouting -Signalling-route-set-test -Transfer-allowed -Controlled rerouting

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Transfer-prohibited procedure
This procedure informs the adjacent network elements about the unavailability of a destination Procedure

1) In case of unavailability of a signalling route set (e.g. the

route between B and D is no longer available and neither B nor D have any alternative route to reach the destination), B and D send a transfer-prohibited message (TFP) including the DPC of the network element which is no longer reachable to the adjacent signalling points. 2) The reception of a transfer-prohibited message (TFP) causes a forced rerouting procedure

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Transfer-prohibited procedure

1)

SP B
2) TFP (DPC=D) 2) TFP (DPC=D)

SP D

2) TFP (DPC=B)

SP A SP E SP C
TFP Transfer-prohibited Message
00 2 Destination 14
H1=0001 H0=0100 TFP TFM

Routing Label
32

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Forced rerouting procedure

On reception of a transfer-prohibited message (TFP), the forced rerouting procedure is activated. Procedure 1) An alternative route to the destination which was named in the received TFP is searched and the traffic is rerouted via the new route

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Forced rerouting procedure

1) TFP (DPC=D)

SP B
1) TFP (DPC=D)

SP D

1) TFP (DPC=B) 2) FRR:

SP A
2) FRR: Signalling traffic to D via C

SP E SP C
2) FRR: Signalling traffic to D via E

Signalling traffic to B via C

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Signalling-route-set-test procedure
Test procedure for checking the availability of a signalling route.

Procedure 1) On reception of a TFP message, the signalling point initiates the signalling-route-set-test procedure. 2) A, C and E send periodically a signalling-route-set-test (RST) to B respectively to D. This message contains the same DPC like in the received TFP message. 3) The reception of a RST message causes B respectively D to check the availability of the route. 4) In case the signalling route is still unavailable, no acknowledgement is sent. 5) In case the signalling route is available again, a transferallowed (TFA) message is sent back
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Signalling-route-set-test procedure

RST (DPC=D)

SP B
RST (DPC=D)

SP D
RST (DPC=B)

SP A
SP E SP C
RST Signalling-route-set-test message
00 2 Destination 14
H1=0001 H0=0101 RST RSM

Routing Label
32

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Transfer-allowed procedure
Procedure to inform the adjacent signalling points that a destination is available again Procedure 1) If the route set becomes available again, B and D send a transfer-allowed (TFA) message including the DPC of the network element which is available again to the adjacent signalling points.

B sends the DPC of D D sends the DPC of B

2) The reception of a TFA message may cause a controlled

rerouting procedure

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Transfer-allowed procedure

1)

2) TFA (DPC=D)

SP B
2) TFA (DPC=D)

SP D
2) TFA (DPC=B)

SP A
SP E SP C
TFA Transfer-allowed Message
00 2 Destination 14
H1=0101 H0=0100 TFA RSM

Routing Label 32

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Controlled rerouting procedure

Procedure to restore the optimal signalling routing

3 different cases to distinguished: 1) In the case the route that become available again has a higher priority than the route actually used, the controlled rerouting procedure is performed. 2) In the case the route that becomes available again has the same priority as the route actually used and load sharing is allowed, the traffic is spread over both routes. 3) In the case the route that become available again has the same priority as the route actually used and load sharing is denied, the traffic is still sent over the actually used route.

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Controlled rerouting procedure

TFA (DPC=D)

SP B
TFA (DPC=D)

SP D
TFA (DPC=B)

SP A SP E

SP C

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Presentation / Author / Date / CN3410-30N

MTP in a nutshell
CCS7 Transport over TDM Creating MTP Message delimitation (F) < ZNCN < ZNSC Error detection and correction (CK) < ZNRC Sequence control (FSN, BSN, BIB, FIB) Activating MTP < ZNLA + ZNLC Message Routing (Network + DPC) < ZNVA + ZNVC Message Distribution (SIO) Load sharing (SLS) Checking MTP < ZNET Signaling network management

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MTP in a nutshell

To upper layer protocols

MTP USER DATA

S L x

OPC

DPC

SIO

MTP-3

CK

MTP-3 DATA

LI

F B FS BS I I N N B B

MTP-2
First bit transmitted

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