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SESSION 1
Bachelor degree majoring in Physics University of Indonesia 2002-2006 (Instrumentas Elektronika02) Master degree majoring in Reservoir Geophysics University of Indonesia 2007-2009
Recent Activity:
2006-2007 Asisten Tetap UPP-IPD 2008-2009 Support Engineer (Geotech System) and Junior GeoPhysicist @ ETRL 2009-Now Geophysicist in KSO Pertamina EP Patina Group Ltd
Well Logs
What? Why? When? Where? How?
7000 7001 7002 7003 7004 7005 7006 7007 7008 7009 7010 7011 7012 7013 7014 7015 7016
Tool string is moving at a certain logging speed, and data are recorded at certain intervals called sampling rate.
7008
7009 7010 7011 7012 7013 7014 7015 7016
7000 7001 7002 7003 7004 7005 7006 7007 7008 7009 7010 7011 7012 7013 7014 7015 7016
7000 7001 7002 7003 7004 7005 7006 7007 7008 7009 7010 7011 7012 7013 7014 7015 7016
7006 7007 7008 7009 7010 7011 7012 7013 7014 7015 7016
Borehole Environment
Borehole Environment
Pada waktu mengebor: - drillstring berputar pada 50 -- 150rpm - mata bor menahan beban sebesar 10 000 sampai 40 000 lb. - cuttings yang dihasilkan diangkat oleh lumpur pemboran (drilling mud) kepermukaan. Selama proses pengeboran: - bisa terjadi erosi pada formasi sehingga menimbulkan goa yang diameternya lebih besar dari diameter mata bor. - cairan lumpur pemboran masuk meng-invasi zona-zona yang permeable. - kerak lumpur (mud cakes) menumpuk dimuka zona-zona yang permeable.
Spontaneous Potential
SP results from electric currents flowing in the drilling mud.
3 sources of the currents: Membrane potential - largest. - electrochemical Liquid - junction potential - electrochemical Streaming potential smallest - electrokinetic
Streaming Potential
This is generated by flow of the mud filtrate through the mud cake. As this does not normally occur this effect is small. It will only become important if there are high differential pressures across the formations.
Spontaneous Potential
Measure different potential (mV) between moving electrode in well bore with surface electrode as result of mud filtrate invasion SP logs can be used for: Identify porous and permeable zone by its deflection. Predict bed boundary and shaliness of reservoir zone. Predict Rw (water resistivity) in permeable zone. SSP = k log (Rmf/Rw) k = (61+0.133*T) T in F degree
Spontaneous Potential
What we can analysis from this sp logs? 1. Deflection means there is a permeable zone. 2. Resistivity of fluid contain can be predicted from direction of deflection and sp value. 3. Resisitivity mud filtrate must be known to prevent pitfalls in fluid contain resistivity in formation.
Spontaneous Potential
Spontaneous Potential
What is the Analysis if we used oil base mud filtrate with resistivity 50 ohm.m? What is the Analysis if we used salt water base mud filtrate with resistivity 2 ohm.m? Assumes: oil zone resistivity 30 ohm.m
Gamma Ray
Theory of Gamma Ray Log tools is recording radioactive material in rocks (Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), and Potassium (K). Radioactive material are usually deposited in shale (no permeability). SGT (Standar Gamma Ray Tools) measure total of radioactivity from 3 elements in GAPI unit. While NGT (Spectroscopy Gamma Ray Tools) measure total of each radioactivity from 3 elements.
Gamma Ray
Applications of Gamma Ray log are: Lithology identification. Study of depositional environments. Investigation of shale types. Correction of the GR for clay content evaluation. Identification of organic material and source rocks. Fracture identification. Geochemical logging. Study of a rock's diagenetic history.
Gamma Ray
Can you analyze lithology and reservoir potential???
Resistivity
There are 2 principal theory in measuring resistivity: 1. Laterolog = sends ac current to formation. 2. Induction = induction electric current to formation. This induction tool usually known as conductivity tools because its measuring conductivity and converted into resistivity.
Resistivity Measurements
Resistivity
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Sonic
In This Session we only limited to sonic logging tools for measuring slowness of compressional wave (primary wave). Sonic Tools measuring slowness in uS/ft. a source gives a signal to formation and will be received by near and far receiver. Two receiver will be calculated time between first break on near receiver and far receiver. This measured time will be change to slowness by dividing with distance between near and far receiver. Velocity is reciprocal of slowness (1/slowness)
Density
The Litho Density Tools (LDT) use a chemical gamma ray source and two or three gamma ray detectors. There are 3 interactions that can be happened if gamma ray with high energy shot to a material; Photoelectric, Compton Scattering, Twin Production.
If 75 keV<E<2 MeV
If E>1.2 MeV
LDT is designed for high sensitivity in 2 interaction by choosing radioactive material as required like Cesium 137 which maximum gamma ray energy at 662 keV.
Density
Gamma Ray can be a electromagnetic wave and foton particle, known as dualism particle. When GR shot to rock there will be compton scaterring, foton will be losing its energy and will be scattered to different direction. Energy is loosed by foton will be absorbed by electron. Electron will become free from its previous state. This process will cycle untill foton energy become weak and will be totally absorbed. LDT measures electron density that scaterred as result of gamma ray shot.
Neutron
Compensated Neutron Tools (CNT) can be used for predicting porosity of reservoir. CNT spreads neutron to formation, fast neutron will be slower when hit hydrogen atom (elastic collision). This happens because size of neutron and hydrogen are looks like similar. Detector in CNT will measure population of neutron in thermal region.