The Honeypot Project

By Itzik Jislin Yiftach Benjamini Supervisor: Ben Bershtein

Introduction

What is a Honeypot?

"A honeypot is an information system resource whose value lies in unauthorized or illicit use of that resource." - Lance
Spitzner

Honeypot Overview
A Honeypot has no functional value A Honeypot does not do anything active. Its value lies in the knowledge that any access to the Honeypot is probably malicious In a perfectly safe network a Honeypot should see no traffic at all

Honeypot Overview - Advantages

Small data sets of high value Very flexible
does not rely on a fixed database (Like Anti-Virus software). Allows the detection of new and unknown methods and tools

Minimal resources
Since Honeypots are not intended to actually server a magnitude of clients they need very little resources

Simple
Honeypots are simple to install and maintain

Honeypot Overview - Disadvantages Limited view

A Honeypot can observe only interaction with itself. It is not a sniffer and cannot log actions against other functional systems in the network

Risk
Depending on the type of the Honeypot the risk can be greater or lesser. But there is always a risk to the network when a multitude of servers are active in it.

Honeypots Overview - Types

Low-Interaction
Simulates some network services (HTTP, Telnet, FTP, etc) Very low risk (Interaction is only with a simulation) Less flexible (Can only simulate what was programmed) Easier to identify Examples are: Specter, honeyd, our project

Honeypots Overview - Types

High-Interaction (Sacrificial Lamb)
Real servers running some kind of logging software High risk (Attacker is working with the real thing) Almost impossible to identify

Honeypots Overview - Honeynets

Overview But what good is it?

Collect data
Allows researching attackers methods and tools and developing counter-tools.

Prevention
Sticky Honeypots slow down scanning capabilities of attackers by slow response times If the usage of Honeypots is publicly known it might deter hackers from attacking the network for fear of being caught

Overview But what good is it?

Detection and Response
If a Honeypot detects suspicious activity it can send an e-mail or sms to a network administrator A Honeypot is a non essential system, so taking it offline in order to analyze damage done by an attack will be less harmful and disruptive to the functionality of the network

Overview But what good is it?

Counter Attack
A Honeypot could be configured to actively respond when it detects attacks coming from systems within its network. For instance if it detects worm activity from some system in the network it can quarantine the system or shut it down or even use some routine to purge the worm

Overview - Threats
Viruses
Pieces of software that attach to innocent files. Consume computers recourses and may be even more malicious (deleting files, ruining hardware, etc). Rely on social engineering for spreading

Worms
Self propagating code. Searches for communication vulnerabilities and uses them to infect more computers at an exponential rate.

Overview - Threats
Humans
White Hats Good Hackers searching for vulnerabilities in order to report them and increase security awareness Black Hats Hackers with personal gain or mayhem in mind. Break into systems in order to steal or corrupt data. Script Kiddies Tool users. No real understanding of what the are doing. Techniques usually include scanning for a system and then hammering it with various tools in order to find a vulnerability.

Our Solution
The path to implementation

Phase I How to simulate an IIS?

Fingerprinting using HMAP

HMAP vs. www.technion.ac.il

HMAP vs. Our Honeypot

Phase II How do you hack a web server?

Directory traversal (double decode) Buffer Overflow (Code Red) Malformed SQL statements

Phase II How do you hack a web server?

Look for directories set up by default with execute permissions These directories may also hold default scripts that contain vulnerabilities Find them by sending requests like these:
GET /frick.html HTTP/1.0 GET /scripts/ HTTP/1.0 GET /_vti_pvt/ HTTP/1.0 GET /cgi-bin/GetFile.cfm HTTP/1.0 Etc

Phase II How do you hack a web server?

If we find such a directory we can send malicious strings that use known vulnerabilities such as the double decode directory traversal attack Our mission is to execute the cmd.exe program that will get us root access to the computer

Phase II How do you hack a web server?

Example:
Send the string:
/..%%35%63..%%35%63..%%35%63..%%35%63winnt/system3

2/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:

Since the ../../../ attack is well known it checks for it. (Cant find it in this string) Then it decodes the string changing %35 to 5 and %63 to c. Now we have:
/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cwinnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir +c:

Now it realizes it forgot to decode %5c which surprisingly decodes to a /

/../../../../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:

Now we have root permissions

Simulating Port Scanning

Knocker FrontEnd port scanner

Vulnerabilities check
N-Stealth Security Scanner

Phase III
Implement

Based On
Visual C++ .net Visual Basic .net (GUI) Winsock2 ODBC

Honeypot Architecture
Deployment:
The Internet

Attacker

Honeypot

Network Scan

Firewall Server

Workstation

Workstation Laptop

Honeypot Architecture
The program is divided into two main applications.
GUI Allows an easy way of starting and stopping the servers, searching through collected data and displaying statistics Honeypot_Core Creates and maintains the servers. Collects the data from the users and updates the databases

Honeypot Architecture
Block Diagram

Honeypot Core

Medium (WinSock)

GUI

HTTP Server

Telnet Server

Malicious String DB

HTTP Transactions DB

Telnet Login DB

Honeypot Architecture
Communication between GUI and core is done over Winsock Why Winsock? Answer:
There were many available options:
RPC, Signaling, Shared memory, And much more

We wanted to allow for the expansion of the deployment scheme. Suppose you want to run multiple instances of the core on different computers. Using Winsock allows running the GUI on one machine while controlling others over the network

Honeypot Architecture - Classes

Honeypot Architecture - Classes

myDb
A class used as an interface with our ODBC database. Functions:
Connect to the db Disconnect from the db Insert data into a table in the db

Honeypot Architecture - Classes

mySock
A class used as an interface with the winsock2 objects Functions:
Create a new socket Set socket options (Timeout) Connect to a server Accept (Listen) new connections Send data Receive data Close socket

Honeypot Architecture - Classes

myServer
A class used to create and maintain server objects. New servers are created by inheritance and need to implement the serveClient virtual function. Implementation allows easy way to add new services in the future Functions:
Create and init a server Start the server Stop the server

Honeypot Architecture myServer

myServer
Server Initiated myServer->initServer()

Start Command received from GUI

Start Server on Port X myServer->startServer(X)

Init Socket, Create main server thread

Accept connections Create client serving threads

Honeypot Architecture HTTPServer The purpose is to catch malicious http strings sent as innocent requests The http server emulates a Microsoft IIS 5.0 web server The emulation displays only one page taken from index.htm The Honeypot is completely safe from all attacks since it does actually try to execute any commands sent at it. Its default response is Not implemented

Honeypot Architecture HTTPServer

HTTPServer
serveClient() serveClient() serveClient() serveClient()

Receive request from client

Timeout?

Update DB

Port Scanned?

Update DB

Parse request

Build Response Header

Send response and Web page if needed

Update DB

End Thread

Honeypot Architecture TELNETServer The purpose is to observe the usernames and passwords attackers will try when hacking a telnet server This will allow the creation of a common used passwords database so that users can be advised (or required) as to what passwords not to use It can also help detecting stolen passwords The server emulates nothing more than the login handshake. All logins fail

Honeypot Architecture TELNETServer

TELNETServer
serveClient() serveClient() serveClient() serveClient()

Receive request from client

Timeout?

Update DB

Port Scanned?

Update DB

Login limit reached?

Send login Failure End Thread

Honeypot Architecture Communication Flow

GUI Initiated

Honeypot Core initiated

Connect to Database Create GUI Communications Server Socket

Connect to Server

Load and display data

Send Start Commands

Create and start HTTP & Telnet servers

Serve Clients

Send Stop Commands

Stop and delete servers

Send Quit command

Cleanup and exit

Cleanup and exit

Demonstration

Summery

Summery
Honeypots are a cheap and simple way to add protection to a network Honeypots allow the study of attackers methods of operation. And help developing new ways for countering them.

Possible Future Additions

More services such as ftp, messenger, p2p applications Allow administration of multiple servers via network Add the ability to answer as different ip addresses Emulate different kinds of web servers other than IIS Emulate a more complex telnet session

Thanks!
We wish to thank:
Ben for his help and endless patience Ilana and the Tochna lab team Our families