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Dataware housing Ebanking Police Criminal record NADRA Datamining FIA database Macodonalds
What is Data ?
Definition of Data
Data consists of Facts, text, graphics, images, sound and video segments that have meaning to users environment.
Data can exist in a variety of forms: - As numbers or text on pieces of paper - As bits and bytes stored in electronic memory - As facts stored in a person's mind.
Data Type
Data is what we measure Data type refers to the classification of a particular type of information integer floating point character, string date student record blob (binary large object)
Data in Context
INFORMATION
Data that has been processed in such a way that it can increase the knowledge of person who uses it
Useful information that managers can use for decision making and interpretation
Data vs Information
Data into information
Summarise data Data In context (table) Decision support
ACTIVITY
Please write down the data for cricket match bowling Do you get any information??
Definition of Database
Database is a shared collection of logically related data, designed to meet the information needs of multiple users in an organization Database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. It has an intended group of users and preconceived applications in which these users are interested.
Alternative Terminology
D a ta P ro c e ssi n g T e rm s F o rm a l T e rm s R e l a ti o n T u p le A ttri b u te A l te rn a ti v e 1 T a b le Row C o lu m n A l te rn a ti v e 2 F ile R e c o rd F ie ld
Formal terms are mostly used for technical users. Data processing terms are more natural for non technical users.
File-based Systems
A collection of application programs that perform services for the end users (e.g. reports). Each program defines and manages its own data.
Sales
Sales files
Contracts
Contracts files
Duplicate Data
SOLUTION:
Database Processing System
Database Processing
Sales Application
Sales
DBMS
Database
Contracts Application
Contracts
Application #2
DBMS
DBMS manages data resources like an operating system manages hardware resources
Application #3
General-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing and manipulating databases for various applications.
Defining - specifying data types, structures, constraints. Constructing - storing of data Manipulation - querying, updating and reporting.
Borland Interbase
A DBMS is a data storage and retrieval system which permits data to be stored non-redundantly while making it appear to the user as if the data is well-integrated.
Enforcement of Standards
All data access is done in the same way
Up-front costs:
Installation Management Cost and Complexity Conversion Costs Cost of DBMS Additional hardware costs.
Ongoing Costs:
Requires New, Specialized Personnel Need for Explicit Backup and Recovery Higher impact of a failure
Organizational Conflict:
Old habits die hard
5. People Data & Database Administrator Database Designer :- Logical & Physical Application Programmers End Users
DBMS Environment
Bridge
Data
Software
Hardware
Machine
Procedures People
Human
Stored Database
Evolution of DB Systems
Flat files - 1960s - 1980s Hierarchical 1970s - 1990s Network 1970s - 1990s Relational 1980s - present Object-oriented 1990s - present Object-relational 1990s - present Data warehousing 1980s - present Web-enabled 1990s - present
Summary
Course Contents Data Information Data Vs Information Database Terms DBMS Advantages Disadvantages of DBMS Database Terms Comparison of Computerized File Based Processing System & Database System