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What is CNC?
Computer Numerical Control
The process of manufacturing machined parts using a computerized controller to command motors which drive each machine axis.
History of CNC
1947
John Parsons, Parsons Corporation, Michigan
1952
Cincinnati Milicron Hydro-Tel Vertical Spindle Milling Machine
Increase production throughput. Improve the quality and accuracy of manufactured parts. Stabilize manufacturing costs. Manufacture complex or otherwise impossible jobs - 2D and 3D contours.
N is the address Block numbers from N0000 to N9999 A block consists of number and words. Words are contents of a block. Block numbers are selected in the jumps of ten for the purpose of insertion
Mixed Programming
Example: P0 N P0 P1 N G01 U5. W-25. F P1 P2 N G01 X60. Z-15. F P2 N
The majority of G and M commands and other words are self-holding, remain active until overwritten or deactivated/deselected. Aimed to simplify and to reduce programming tasks. Example: G41 can be deactivated by issuing G40 command.
Example 2:
Reference Points
M = Machine zero point. (unchangeable ref. Point determined by machine manufacturer) N = Tool mounting reference point W = Work piece zero point. (can be freely determined by the programmer and can be moved within program
G & M Commands
G00: G01: G02: G03: G70: G71:
M03: M04: M20: M21:
Rapid traverse Linear interpolation Circular interpolation clockwise Circular interpolation counter clockwise Measuring in Inch (USA) Measuring in mm (Other countries)
Spindle ON clockwise Spindle ON counter clockwise Tailstock back Tailstock forward
Absolute dimensions of the target point coordinates: N030 G90 N040 G00 X48 Z-26
Incremental dimensions of the target point coordinates: N030 G91 N040 G00 X-10,5 Z-31