Thinking & Language (Chapter 5)

Definitions Thinking involves

cognitive rearrangements or manipulation of information from the environmental symbols stored in Long Term Memory (L.T.M), Images, concepts/ideas & symbols of language are used in much of ours thinking. Thinking involves organizing, categorizing, planning, reasoning and problem solving. It is more of a process rather a product. The manipulation of mental representations of information. Attractive & Y? Justify by giving logics?

Q? Which Parameter / Definition seems to be more

Nature of Thinking
Involves motivation/ activity e.g. if

misplaced something-----start motor exploration/activity. Involves higher mental processes. Computer / Processor / CPU------Brain Programming------------------------Thinking Not limited to humans, can teach to animals to some extent. Q? Why to some extent? Discuss? Activity?

we have exploring-------

Types of Thinking
1. 2.

Unrealistic / Autistic Realistic Problem Solving Reasoning Judgment and Decision making Creativity Q? Creativity is somehow linked with Unrealistic Thinking? Discuss? Activity? Q? Which Type of Thinking seems to be more attractive & having practical utility in daily life? Justify? Activity? Importance of Autistic Thinking/Day Dreaming in daily life & Relaxation. Discuss AUTISM Disorder? Autistic children? Activity?

Intelligence (Chapter 6) Parameters / Aspects / Dimensions

Verbal ability Ability to understand and comprehend skill of efficient thinking Problem solving skills Efficiently storing and retrieving memories effectively focusing attention rapidly processing information learning new things quickly Ability to adapt to & learn from lifes everyday experiences (EQ) Emotional Quotient/Emotional Stability Q. Which aspect of IQ seems to be more attractive and Justified & Y? Q. Which aspect of IQ has more practical utility in daily life in your point of view? Justify?

Concepts
Individual differences (No standards of IQ) Mental tests (for assessment of mental abilities) Characteristics of a test (Reliability, Validity,

Standardization and Norms) Reliability refers how consistently an individual performs on a test, also refers to stability. Validity refers extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Standardization refers the uniform procedures used in administration and scoring a test. Test Norms refers as to provide information about where a score on a test ranks in relation to other scores on the test. Q. Y cant we have standards of IQ? Justify in terms of cultural perspective.

Concept of mental age

Mental Age An individuals level of mental development relative to others A childs mental age/level indicates that he/she displays the mental ability

typical of a child of that chronological (actual) age E.g., a child of 5years can display a mental age of 4 years or 6 years William Stern (1912) introduced the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ)

IQ = Mental age/chronological age X 100 e.g., 7/6 x 100 = 116 . 6 Average IQ is 100. Below average was termed as mental retardation (Types of MRs) cite examples Gifted children (Genius) cite examples Nature-Nurture controversy (Nature Nurture) Give example of (H20)

Assessment of Intelligence

Q. How to assess IQ by using formula?

Q. Y Nature Vs Nurture issue is still controversial in terms of IQ?

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The science of creating machines capable of performing activities that require intelligence when they are done by people. AI is especially helpful in tasks requiring speed, persistence and vast memory (Hancock, 1999). AI is applied to playing chess, assistance in diagnosis and treatment and advising students which courses they should study etc.

Q. AI is helpful in tasks like? Q. What is the major difference between Intelligence & Artificial
Intelligence?