Variable

The variable is the basic unit of storage in a Java program. A variable is defined by the combination of a type, an identifier, and an optional initializer.

int marks = 50; String name = Haris ;

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Data type

Java defines eight simple (or primitive) types of data: byte, short, int, long, char, float, double, and boolean. These can be put in four groups: Integers: This group includes byte, short, int, and long, which are for whole valued signed numbers. Floating-point numbers: This group includes float and double, which represent numbers with fractional precision (decimal numbers). Characters: This group includes char, which represents symbols in a characterset, like letters and numbers Boolean: This group includes boolean, which is a special type for representing true/false values.

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Integer

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Floating point number

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Characters

the data type used to store characters is char. Java char is a 16-bit type. The range of a char is 0 to 65,536. There are no negative chars.

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Demonstration of Char

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Boolean

It can have only one of two possible values, true or false

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Identifier

An identifier is a sequence of characters that consist of letters, digits, underscores (_), and dollar signs ($). An identifier must start with a letter, an underscore (_), or a dollar sign ($). It cannot start with a digit. An identifier cannot be a reserved word. An identifier cannot be true, false, or null. An identifier can be of any length.
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Declaring Variables
int x; // Declare x to be an // integer variable;

double radius; // Declare radius to // be a double variable;

char a;

// Declare a to be a // character variable;

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Assignment Statements
x = 1; // Assign 1 to x;

radius = 1.0;
a = 'A';

// Assign 1.0 to radius;

// Assign 'A' to a;

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Declaring and Initializing in One Step

int x = 1; double d = 1.4; float f = 1.4;

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Constants
final datatype CONSTANTNAME = VALUE; final double PI = 3.14159; final int SIZE = 3;

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Scope of variable

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Muhammad Haris - Lecturer GIS Center PUCIT

Practical Demonstration

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Type Conversion and Casting

Converting data from one type to another Automatic type conversion take place if;

The two types are compatible. The destination type is larger than the source type.

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Type Conversion and Casting

To create a conversion between two incompatible types, you must use a cast. A cast is simply an explicit type conversion. It has this general form:

(target-type) value

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Conversion Example

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Output of previous example

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Consider the following statements:

byte i = 100; long k = i*3+4; double d = i*3.1+k/2;

int x = k; //(Wrong) long k = x; //(fine,implicit casting)
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Escape Characters
Description Backspace Tab Linefeed Escape Sequence
\b \t \n

Unicode
\u0008 \u0009 \u000a \u000d

Carriage return \r

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int i = 'a'; // Same as int i = (int)'a';

char c = 97; // Same as char c = (char)97;

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Input Dialog Box

Sample Program

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String inputYear = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, Prompt Message, Dialog Title, JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);

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The input returned from the input dialog box is a string. If you enter a numeric value such as 123, it returns 123. To obtain the input as a number, you have to convert a string into a number.

To convert a string into an int value, you can use the static parseInt method in the Integer class as follows:

int intValue = Integer.parseInt(intString);

where intString is a numeric string such as 123.

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To convert a string into a double value, you can use the static parseDouble method in the Double class as follows:

double doubleValue=Double.parseDouble(doubleString);

where doubleString is a numeric string such as 123.45.

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JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Your Message");

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Write a CPA Calculation Java Program" using Input from User

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References
Concepts
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/datatypes.html

http://www.javatutorialhub.com/wiki/Variables http://www.java-made-easy.com/java-variables.html

Exercises
http://www.functionx.com/java/Lesson02.htm

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