Introduction to Electro pneumatic and its Application

Introduction to Electro pneumatic

1 An introduction to Electro pneumatic 2 Component in a control sequence 3 Power supply units 4 Switching contacts and type of actuation 5 Type of Actuation of switching elements 6 Electrical output devices
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An introduction to Electropneumatic

Both pneumatic & electropneumatic controllers have a pneumatic power section. In a pneumatic control, pneumatic components are used, that is various types of valves, sequencers, air barriers, etc. In an electro-pneumatic control the signal control section is made up of electrical components such as electrical input button, proximity switches, relays or PLC.

Electropneumatic

Advantages of using Electropneumatic

Replace

tubing to wire Reduce the working area Sensor can be included in limited space Controller such as PLC can be included

Electropneumatic

Pneumatic revision (cont..)

-Switching symbols for valves Pneumatic components are normally shown in the deenergized condition in circuit diagrams.
1. The valve switching position is shown by square. 2. The number of square corresponds to the number of switching positions. 3. Line indicate the flow path, arrows indicate the direction of flow. 4. Closed ports are shown by two lines drawn at right angles to one another.

5. The connecting lines for supply and exhaust air are drawn outside the square.
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Pneumatic revision (cont..)

Information about the type of valve can be established from the following features:

Number of ports Number of switching positions Port numbering Air supply port Exhaust ports Working or outlet ports 1 3,5 2,4

The following applies to the numbering of the ports:

Electropneumatic

Pneumatic revision (cont..)

2/2 way valve, normally open position.
3/2 way valve, normally closed position. 3/2 way valve, normally open position. 4/2 way valve flow from 1 to 2 & from 4 to 3

5/2 way valve flow from 1 to 2 & from 4 to 5

5/3 way valve mid position closed

Electropneumatic

Electropneumatic components
Electrical
Input
i) ii) iii)

Pneumatic
i) ii) iii) iv) v)

Pushbutton switch Roller limit switch Proximity sensor

Single-acting cylinder Double-acting cylinder Rodless cylinder One way flow control valve Quick exhaust valve

Electro pneumatic
Input
i)

Pressure sensors

Process
i)
ii) iii)

Relay Timer relay Counter relay

Output
i)
ii)

Output
Lamp Buzzer
i)

Solenoid valve

Electropneumatic

Elements of Control Chain

Electropneumatic

Power Supply unit

-Power supply used to convert alternate current to direct current. - The signal control section of an electro pneumatic controller is supplied with power via the electrical mains. - The individual assemblies of the power supply unit have the following task - The transformer reduces the operating voltage from 240V to 24V AC. - The rectifier convert the AC voltage into DC voltage. - The voltage rectifier is required to ensure that the electrical voltage remains constant regardless of the current flowing.

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Switching contacts and type of actuation

Normally-open contacts Normally-closed contacts

Changeover contacts

Mechanically connected switch

Push-button with normally open contacts manually actuated by pushing

Rotary switch with normally open contacts manually actuated by turning

Limit switch with normally open or normally closed contacts, mechanically actuated

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Switching Symbols for Solenoid Coils and Relay

Electro-magnetically actuated on both sides Electro-magnetically actuated on one side, with spring return Representation in electrical circuit diagrams Solenoid valve

Electro-magnetically actuated, with pilot control

Contactor or relay with 3 normally open contacts and 1 normally closed contact

Relay

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Type of actuation of Switching Elements

Frequently used types of actuation are - Pushbuttons - Roller levers - Roller lever with idle return

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Electrical Output Devices

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Logic Function
What is LOGIC? Logic is conditions of inputs that effects the output.

In order to produce the required movements by pneumatic cylinders, it is often necessary to combine signals from several control elements through logic operation. There are 4 type of basic logic:

YES Logic (NO) NOT Logic (NC) AND Logic (AND) OR Logic (OR)

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The AND Logic Function

-Consists of at least 2 switching elements connected in series -Can have 2 or more inputs. A combination of switches and sensors may be involved -The function is represented through a logic symbol with two inputs and one output -Both input must be present to switch the output.

Logic Symbol

Circuit connection

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The OR Logic Function

Consists of at least 2 switching elements connected in parallel Can have 2 or more inputs. A combination of switches and sensors may be involved. The function is represented through a logic symbol with two inputs and one output. Only 1 input signal needs to be present to switch the output.

Logic Symbol

Circuit connection

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Solenoid valve with Pilot Control

6.1 Principle of a Solenoid Coil 6.2 3/2 Way Single Solenoid Valve 6.3 5/2 Way Single Solenoid Valve 6.4 5/2 Way Double Solenoid Valve

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Function principle of a Solenoid Coil

When an electric current flow through a coil, a magnetic field is generated. The following applies to the strength of the magnetic field: - Increasing the number of windings increases the field - Increasing the strength of the current increase the field - Lengthening the coil reduces the field.

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Conversion of electrical signal into Pneumatic signals

If control system are using compressed air and electricity as working medium, converter system must be used. Solenoid valves convert electrical signals into pneumatic signals. Solenoid valve consist of:

A pneumatic valve A coil which switches the valve

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2/2-Way Solenoid Valve without Pilot Control

Normally-closed position, spring return Solenoid coil deenergized Solenoid coil energized Port 1 is blocked. The armature is raised. Port 2 is blocked. Compressed air flows from Exhausting is not possible. port 1 to port 2.

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Solenoid Valve with Pilot Control

Consist of: i) An electromagnetically-actuated pilot control valve ii) A pneumatically-actuated main valve
Symbol for Pilot Control

In Comparison with solenoid valve without a pilot control, solenoid valves with a pilot control are distinguished by: i) Lower force required to actuate the armature. ii) Smaller dimensions of the coil head. iii) Lower power consumption. Iv) Less heat generated
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3/2 Way Single Solenoid Valve with Pilot Control

Normally-closed position, spring return, manual override Solenoid coil deenergized - Port 1 is blocked - Port 2 vented to port 3 - The pilot control channel is blocked by the armature seal on the valve side - The space above the valve piston is vented through the armature guide tube.

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3/2 Way Single Solenoid Valve with Pilot Control (cont..)

Solenoid coil energized - The armature is lifted and the armature seal on the coil side blocks the vent hole in the armature seal on the valve side opens the pilot control channel. - Compressed air from port 1 flows through the pilot control channel and actuates the valve piston - Port 3 is blocked and compressed air flows from port 1 to port 2.

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Spring returned, manual override

5/2 Way Single Solenoid Valve with Pilot Control

Solenoid coil deenergized - Compressed air flows from port 1 to 2. - Port 4 is vented to 5. - Port 3 is blocked. - The pilot control channel is blocked - The space above the valve piston is vented through the armature guide tube

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 Solenoid coil energized

- The armature is lifted and the armature seal on the coil side blocks the vent hole in the armature guide tube, while the armature seal on the valve side opens the pilot control channel. - Compressed air from port 1 flows through the pilot control channel and actuates the valve piston. - Port 5 is blocked. - Compressed air flows from port 1 to port 4. - Port 2 is vented to port 3.

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See the differences

Deenergized Valve locations

Energized

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 Manual override

5/2 Way Double Solenoid Valve with Pilot Control

Solenoid coil Y1 energized, solenoid coil Y2 deenergized. - The valve switches over.
- Port 3 is blocked. - Compressed air flows from Port 1 to port 2. - Port 4 is vented to Port 5.

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Both Solenoid coil deenergized. - The valve retrains its previous switching position.

Solenoid coil Y2 energized, solenoid coil Y1 deenergized - The valve switches over. - Port 5 is blocked. - Compressed air flows from port 1 to port 4. - Port 2 is vented to port 3.

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