MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAM

(Communicable Diseases)

Reported by: Samantha Duenas N-211

MALARIA
eighth leading cause of morbidity in the Philippines malaria morbidity rate indicated a decrease from 72 cases per 100,000 population in 1998 to 47 cases in 2002 there was an increase in the rate to 55 cases in 2005 decreased from 0.8 deaths per 100,000 population in 1998 to 0.1 death in 2002 went up to 0.17 deaths in 2005

 malaria as a public health problem requires sustained and systematic efforts toward two major strategies:
-prevention of transmission through vector control

-detection and early treatment of cases to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality

Signs and Symptoms of Malaria

- recurrent chills - fever - profuse sweating - anemia - malaise - hepatomegaly - spleenomegaly

Infectious Agents
caused by protozoan parasites called Plasmodium usually transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito may also be transmitted through: ~ transfusing of blood that is positive for malaria parasites; ~ sharing of IV needles (esp. among IV drug users); ~ transplacenta (transfer of malaria parasites from an infected mother to her unborn child).

Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment

1. Early diagnosis- identification of a patient with malaria as soon as he/she is seen, through clinical and/or microscopic method. 2. Clinical Method- signs and symptoms of the patient and the history of his/her having visited a malaria-endemic area. 3. Microscopic Method- examination of the blood smear of the patient through a microscope.

Chemoprophylaxis (prevention of
infectious disease by use of chemicals)

-only Chloroquine drug should be given

-must be taken at weekly intervals, starting from 1-2 weeks before the endemic area. In pregnant women, it is given throughout the duration of the pregnancy.

Sustainable Preventive and Vector Control Measures

adoption of measures for the prevention and control against the malaria parasite and the mosquito vector objective of this measure is to reduce the source of infection in the human population; man-vector contact, and the density of the mosquito vector population

a. INSECTICIDE- TREATMENT OF MOSQUITO NETsoaking of the mosquito net in an insecticide solution and allowed dry. Insecticide- treated curtains may be used in areas where they are more culturally acceptable than mosquito nets. b. HOUSE SPRAYING- application of insecticide on the indoor surfaces of the house through spraying.

c. ON STREAM SEEDING- construction of bioponds for larvivorous fish propagation. d. ON STREAM CLEARING- cutting of the vegetation overhanging along stream banks to expose the breeding stream to sunlight, rendering it unsuitable for mosquito vector habitation.

Recommended Anti-Malaria Drugs

Blood Schizonticides- drugs acting on sexual blood stages of parasites which are responsible for clinical manifestations. Chloroquine phosphate Sulfadoxine (or Sulfalene) Quinine sulfate Quinine hydrochloride Tetracycline hydrochloride Quinidine sulfate Quinidine glucolate

Other Preventive Measures

wearing of clothing that covers arms and legs in the evening. avoiding outdoor night activities, particularly during the vector's peak biting hours from 9pm-3am. using mosquito repellents such as mosquito coils, soap lotion or other personal protection measures advocated by the DOH/ MCSMalaria Control Program.

 planting of Neem tree of other herbal plants which are (potential) mosquito repellents as advocated by the DOH/ MCS- Malaria Control Program. Zooprophylaxis- the typing of domestic animals like carabao, cow, etc., near human dwellings to deviate mosquito bites from man to these animals.

Public Heath Nursing Responsibilities

1. Participate in the implementation of the following: a. Treatment policies b. Provision of drugs c. Laboratory confirmation of diagnosis d. Training of BHWs and volunteers on the diagnosis and treatment of malaria

e. Supervision of malaria control activities of all health personnel in the area f. Collection, analysis and submission of required reports
2. Recognition of early signs and symptoms for management and further referrals 3. Educate the individuals/families/communities of the importance of the following: a. Taking of chemoprophylaxis

b. Wearing long-sleeved clothing and trousers when going out at night c. Application of insect repellant to skin
d. Use of mosquito nets e. Use of screen in doors and windows. If no screen, close windows and doors during night time

f. Use of insecticide aerosols and pyrethroid mosquito coils g. Clearing of hanging branches of trees along the stream