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Spinal cord
Motor output
A response to stimuli Activates muscles or glands
Somatic system:
voluntary
Autonomic system:
involuntary
The Central Nervous System is made of the brain and the spinal cord.
Neuron Anatomy
Dendrites conduct impulses toward the cell body Cell body (soma): contains organelles & Nissl substance (specialized rough ER) Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body
Classification of Neurons
Sensory (afferent) neurons
Carry impulses from the sensory receptors Cutaneous sense organs
What makes up the brain, the spinal cord or your peripheral nerves?
Neurons are the cell Cell body Nucleus Axon Dendrite
QuickTime and a TIFF (Un compressed) decompressor are neede d to see this picture.
Key Note Neurons perform all of the communication, information processing, and control functions of the nervous system.
100 billion
1 billion around 15 feet
Accidents
Physical injury of your neurons
Parkinson's Disease ALS - Lou Gehrigs Disease Huntingtons Disease Multiple Sclerosis Alzheimer's Cerebral Palsy Epilepsy
100 Billion or so neurons - whats the problem with some of them dying?
Cells multiply all the time - will your neurons? Does everyone react the same way to accidents, or drugs and alcohol? Do all organisms react the same to all stimulus? Which of your activities use your neurons?
Figure 7.13c
Cranial Nerves
12 pairs of nerves that mostly serve the head and neck
* The outer nervous system carries messages between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
* The Outer Nervous Systems job is to connect the Central Nervous System to the rest of the body.
* The outer nervous system is made of the nerves and the sense organs.
Eye
Nerves Tongue
Ear
Skin
* The outer nervous system controls the bodys activities that you dont think about.
* The outer nervous system controls activities in your small intestine, your breathing, and your heartbeat.
controls
Sense organs carry messages about the environment to the central nervous system. The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin are examples of sense organs. The sense organs gather information (light, sound, heat, and pressure) from the environment.
Pupil
Iris
The pupil becomes larger and smaller as it controls the light coming into the eye.
Hearing starts when some of the sound waves go into the ear.
The nerves in the skin allow us to feel texture, pressure, heat, cold, and pain.
Your sense of taste comes from the taste buds in the tongue.
Taste buds are the parts on the tongue that allow us to taste. The four kinds of taste buds are sweet, sour, bitter, and salty.