Personality

the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment Gordon Allport Sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others - Robins Personality is an organized consistent pattern of perception of the I , around which the individual interacts and has experiences

 PERSONALITY refers to the relatively stable pattern of behaviors and consistent internal states that explain a persons behaviors and consistent internal states that explain a persons behavioral tendencies McShane, Glinow & Sharma Is a product of heredity and environment Has internal and external elements
External traits observable , and helps to identify the personality Internal states - represents thoughts , values and genetic characteristics

Can personality be measured?

Personality tests Hiring decisions Self report surveys.. problems? -observer ratings Determinants of personality:
Heredity? Environment?

Personality traits : trait is a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, behaves. Popular characteristics such as shy, aggressiveness, ambitious, lazy

 Psychometric theories of personality are trait theories Hans Eysenck was the first psychologist to attempt standardization of traits Sigmund Freud has also contributed a lot and has made tremendous impact in psychology The structure of the personality in psychoanalytic theory is threefold. Freud divided it into the id, the ego, and the superego.

Traits
To identify primary traits: Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) & Big Five model Myers-Briggs type indicator- (used in Apple, At & T, GE, Citigroup, US army) carl jung 100 question personality test On the basis of answers, classified as : Extravert/introvert (E,I) Sensing / intuitive (S, N) Thinking / feeling (T, F) Judging / perceiving (j, P)

 Extravert vs introvert Sensing vs intuitive sensing is practical, prefer routine and order, work with known facts than look for possibilities
Intuitive relies on unconscious processes , look for possibilities and relationships than work with known facts

Thinking vs feeling thinking type uses logic and reasoning power to handle problems., analytical type

 Feeling types relies on their personal values and emotions Judging vs perceiving judging types wants ordered and structured way of things, likes to plan things.
perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous, do not plan things

These classifications together describes 16 personality types

 INTJ (intro,intuitive,thinking, judging)

Visionary, have great drive for their own ideas and purposes Skeptical, critical, independent, determined, stubborn)

ESTJ (Extro, sensing, think, judge)

Organizers, realistic, logical, analytical

ENTP (Extro, intuitive,think, perceive)

Conceptualizer, innovative, versatile, spontaneous, attracted to entrepreneurial ideas) Intuitive thinkers are very rare .

 Is MBTI a valid measure? It forces people to fall into a type Should this be used as a selection test criteria?

The Big Five model: R.B Cattell developed 16 traits theory first. Then five basic factors were extracted 5 Factors
Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional stability Openness to experience

 Extraversion ones comfort level with others. Sociable Intros reserved, timid, quiet Agreeableness cooperative, warm, trusting (high agreeable) Low agreeable cold, non cooperative Conscientiousness reliable , responsible, consistent Emotional stability persons ability to withstand stress. Calm, secure Others anxious, depressed, insecure

 Openness to experience open to innovative ideas. They are creative, curious Indra Nooyi scored high on all five dimensions Employees who score high on conscientiousness develop high levels of job knowledge, high performance Emotional stability job satisfaction Extraverts happy job satisfaction

Other personality traits

Powerful predictors of behavior : Core self evaluation Machiavellianism Narcissism Self monitoring Propensity for risk taking Type A Proactive personality

 Core self evaluation see themselves as capable, effective.. Dislike , like themselves Positive core self evaluation like themselves More challenging in their job And satisfied employees Set more ambitious goals Committed