12

DATABASES
McGraw-Hill Technology Education 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Competencies (Page 1 of 2)
Distinguish between the physical and logical view of data Describe how data is organized: characters, fields, records, files, and databases Describe databases, database issues, and database management systems (DBMS)
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Competencies (Page 2 of 2)
Describe the five data models: hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object-oriented Distinguish among individual, company, distributed, proprietary, and Web databases Recognize strategic database uses and security concerns
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Data
Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events Two ways to view data
Physical view Logical view

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Data Organization
Character Field Record File Database

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Key Field
Unique identifier also

known as primary field

Common examples
Social security number
Drivers license

Credit card account

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Batch Versus Real-time Processing (Page 1 of 2)

Batch processing -- later

Batch Processing
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Batch Versus Real-Time Processing (Page 2 of 2)

Real-time processing -- now

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Need for Databases

Sharing one department to another Security passwords to access Less data redundancy Data integrity

Access data entry form

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Subsystems of a Database Management System

DBMS engine Data definition subsystem Data manipulation subsystem
Query-by-example Structured query language (SQL)

Application generation subsystem Data administration subsystem

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DBMS Structure
Data models define rules and standards for data in a database the five data models are:
Hierarchical database Network database Relational database Multidimensional database Object-oriented database

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Types of Databases
The five classifications of databases include: Individual or microcomputer database Company or shared
Operational User

Distributed Proprietary Web database

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Database Uses and Issues

Strategic uses
Special type of database called data warehouse Data mining used to search database

Security
Databases are valuable Protection necessary

Electronic fingerprint pads

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A Look to the Future Xperanto

Enhancement to searching for data Access to structured (relational databases) and unstructured data (word processing and spreadsheet files)

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Discussion Questions (Page 1 of 2)

Describe the five logical data groups or categories. What is the difference between batch processing and real-time processing? Identify and define the five part of DBMS programs. What are the five types of databases? Why does more than one kind of database exist?
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Discussion Questions (Page 2 of 2)

What are some of the benefits and limitations of databases? Why is security a concern?

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