DEATH OR PHYSICAL CAUSED BY EXPLOSION

By: JEAROME C. TABOY, RM.,RN. MD 15TH

DEATH OR PHYSICAL CAUSED BY EXPLOSION

EXPLOSION
Is a the sudden release of potential energy producing a localized increase in pressure.

Things to be determined following injuries or death after explosion : 1. What exploded? 2. what caused it to explode? 3. How it produced the injury? 4. How was it initiated ?

Classification of Explosion as to the Source of Energy

- Mechanical ( Hydraulic ) Explosion - Electrical Explosion - Nuclear Explosion - Chemical Explosion

Mechanical ( Hydraulic ) Explosion

Mechanical ( Hydraulic ) Explosion

This occurs when the pressure inside a container exceed its structural strength.

Electrical Explosion

Electrical Explosion
When electricity arcs to the air, a phenomenon that occurs when two object of different electrical potential are brought to another, a large amount of heat develop.

Nuclear Explosion

Nuclear Explosion
The release of a significant amount of energy by fusion or fission and consequently with a significant increase of destructiveness ( Atomic Explosion)

Chemical Explosion

Chemical Explosion
It occurs when a chemical reaction produces heat and gas at a rate faster than surroundings can dissipate.

Type s of Chemical Explosion

a. Diffused Reactant Explosion - This is caused by the mixture of gas and air. b. Condensed Reactant Explosion - This chemical explosion occurs when the large quantity of heat and gas is produced as a result of rapid chemical reaction in a solid or material. 1. Low Order Explosive ( Deflagrating Explosive ) 2. High Order Explosive a. Stable High Order Explosive b. Unstable High Order Explosive

Death or Physical injuries due to detonation of a high explosive

Effect varies with the kind and amount of explosive used and the location of the victim at the time of the explosion * Complete disruption or fragmentation of the body. * Injury, remain in one piece. * Peppering injuries. * Cochlear damage. * Burn. * Asphyxia. * Carbon monoxide poisoning, and other gases. * Direct injury from a shrapnel, and falling debris.

Identification of the Site of Explosion and Collection of Evidences

The entire area must be systematically search for traces of: Presence of crater. Object near the blast. Soil and Debris. Odor of the gas. Fragments of the explosive materials.

Atomic Bomb Explosion

A release of highly condensed energy. It produce a M. Of pounds per square inch meter of gas pressure, with heat comparable to the sun and light of more than 30 times as bright as the sun at noontime. It produce a luminous ball of fire containing radioactive fission product, that create a shock wave moving sideward in all directions.

Places of atomic explosion

Aerial explosion. Ground explosion. Submarine explosion.

Rays Emitted by Radioactive Substances During Explosion

Alpha Rays- Composed of (+) charged helium having a high linear energy transfer and with a poor penetrating power that can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Beta Rays - Composed of (+) or (-) charged electrons with higher penetrating power than alpha rays but the ionizing power is much less. Gama Rays Composed of short rays with high energy and greater penetrating power and like neutrons it expands a significant distance and cause much damage to human body. Neutrons Rays Uncharged and composed a highly penetrating particles and basic element in nuclei of atoms.

Characteristics of Nuclear Bomb Explosion that Distinguishes from Conventional High Explosive Bomb Explosion
Thousand times powerful. Large proportion of energy is emitted as thermal radiation, causing skin burn, and it is capable of starting a fire at a considerable distance. Emit a highly penetrating and harmful radiation, and remains continue to emit over a long period of time.

Effect of Atomic Explosion to Human Body

Inversely proportional to the distance. * General effect * Local effect: > Individual Cells > Skin > Blood Vessels > Eye > Genital Organ

Factors Responsible for the effects of Radiation

Age. Dosage. Kind of Radiation. Fractional Doses. Sensitivity

Other Sources of Radiation

Natural Source: - Cosmic Origin. - Terrestial Origin. Man-made Source: - Dx X-ray Equipment. - Clinical pharmaceutical agents. - Industrial

SALAMAT