Service Discovery for Mobile AdHoc Networks

Outline
What are MANETs Existing Service Discovery protocols Service Discovery Architectures Modes for Service Discovery Cross Layer optimization Features of Service Discovery Issues

MANETs
Short name for Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks Act as Client, Server and Router Dynamic connectivity between nodes Discovery of nodes and services

Service Discovery
Requirements
Advertising Querying Selecting appropriate matches Invoking

Challenges
Node mobility Frequent disconnections Channel variability

Existing Protocols
JINI
Based on JVM Use Lookup servers as directories

Salutation
Salutation Manager(SLM) Capabilities sent as attributes

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

Control points XML description based transfer Performs better with reliable networks

Existing Protocols
Bluetooth SDP
Address only service discovery, no advertising Service attribute value pairs Service searching and Service Browsing

Service Location Protocol (SLP)

IETF standard URL based service descriptions Multicasting

Bonjour
Used by Apple IP based with MDNS-SD.

Service Discovery Architectures

Effectiveness is based on
Service availability Messaging Overhead Latency MANET characteristics

Service Discovery Modes

Reactive Mode
Service requesters issue queries on demand TTL based No. of Hop based Unicast, multicast or Broadcast

Proactive Mode
Service providers/ Directories advertise Frequency of advertising Ranges for advertisement or flooding

Service Discovery Modes

Hybrid Mode
Both proactive and reactive communication Greedy strategy: all to all both ways Conservative strategy: random set of nodes and memorizing details

Best strategy depends on MANET properties

Server/Client/Directory ratio Demand for service discovery Network congestion

Cross Layer Service Discovery

Combining the service discovery and underlying routing layer Integrating service information into routing messages Less Control overhead and less latency Proactive :
service reply extension added to routing messages

Reactive:
Service discovery follows route discovery process

Removes the layering approach due to combination of layers

Special Features
Service description options
Unique Universal Identifiers (UUIDs)
Better for less service heterogeneity For energy and bandwidth scarce systems UUIDs need prior known to all nodes Attribute lists using agreed key words

Service Selection mechanisms

Selecting from gathered service replies
Automatic or User selected

Automatic selection according to

Keyword best match Route specific
No of hops Bandwidth Delay

Service specific
Server load Remaining energy

Re-selection of servers after detecting network changes

Reduced congestion Reduced delay

Service state maintenance

Maintain accurate and valid service information and service state Hard de-registering
difficult to implement

Polling
Service requesters poll current service state Proactive or on demand

Notifications
Servers/ Directories inform current state Clients must register to get notifications

Security and Trust in Service discovery

Service registration and deregistration
Mutual authentication between servers and directories

Service discovery
Only authorized clients allowed to discover services Service requests must be kept confidential

Service delivery
Protected against malicious tampering

Service availability
DOS attacks Illegal clients

Issues in Service discovery protocols

Balancing security with user interaction
Most protocols dont implement full security

Adaptation and Flexibility of protocols

Context awareness need priority

Interoperability
Different protocols : need interworking mechanism

Benchmarking
Different setting and assumptions made during evaluations One Best solution is not available

Thank you !