RAIN WATER STORAGE AND USAGE

RURAL AREA
JALVARDHINI PRATISHTHAN

BENEFITS OF USING RAIN WATER

Rainwater can be used as a principle water source for
Potable and non-potable water Agriculture / Horticulture / Flowricultural etc.

Bore well / Tube well recharge Storing it in lakes for using it after the rains To safeguard sweet water reservoirs and to arrest sea water intrusion near seashores / Coastal area To avoid water logging in urban area during the rains To improve overall water quality as rainwater is purest form of natural water

POTENTIAL OF RAIN WATER

Rivers, canals, lakes, wells get water due to rains only Hence rainwater should be our primary water source The average annual rainfall in Maharashtra is 500-4000 mm Still water scarcity is a major problem all over This problem can be very well handled with proper rainwater management.

 If rainfall is 500 mm then 1 acre (4000 m2) of land will have 4000 x 0.5 = 2000 m3 i.e. 20 lac litre water (4000 mm rainfall will yield 16,000 m3 of water i.e.160 lac litres) In India, at many places rainfall is almost regular and hence this huge amount of water is available every year We can store and use the water as per our requirement

RURAL AREA RAIN WATER MANAGEMENT

Water is needed for following things
Drinking / Cooking purpose
Horticulture purpose

Agriculture (Kharip, Rabbi crops)

For other human and animals activities

DRINKING WATER STORAGE

Consider a family in a village
Average no of persons in family = 5 Water needed for drinking + cooking / person = 5 L (liters) Annual water needs comes out to be 5 x 5 x 365 = 9,125 L If we store 10,000 L water, then it will be sufficient for one family for a year 10,000 L Ferrocement Tank can serve the purpose There are two types of ferrocement tanks available

1) STORING ROOF TOP RAIN WATER FOR DRINKING PURPOSE

Rainwater stored in a closed tank can be used for drinking purpose First two rain showers should be allowed to run off Once the roof / terrace gets cleaned, thereafter rainwater falling on it can be stored through pipes in the tank

2) STORING WATER FROM TOP OF A TANK

Ferrocement tank is used to store rainwater Slope is given either towards center / edges of the tank top Holes are made at the center or edges Rainwater is thus stored in the tank Dont forget to clean the tank and top before monsoon

Morewadi, Taluka Karjat, District Raigad Capacity 10,000L Estimated cost Rs, 35,000

Morewadi, Taluka Karjat, District Raigad Capacity 10,000L Estimated cost Rs, 35,000

Rainwater Storage for Horticulture on Barren land

1) KOKAN JALKUND capacity 4000L Estimated cost Rs. 3000

2) BANKER JALKUND Capacity 2000L Estimated cost Rs. 1,500

3)COCONUT COIR CEMENT TANK Capacity 10,000 L Estimated cost Rs. 25,000

4) BANANA FIBER CEMENT TANK Capacity 10,000L Estimated cost Rs. 25,000

5)FLAX ( AMBADI ) FIBER CEMENT TANK Capacity 10,000 L Estimated cost Rs. 25,000

6)JUTE FIBER CEMENT TANK Capacity 2,000 L Estimated cost Rs. 4000

7) FERRO CEMENT TANK ( UNDERGROUND ) Capacity 10,000 L Estimated cost Rs. 30,000

8)FERRO CEMENT TANK ( ABOVE GROUND) Capacity 5,000 L Estimated cost Rs. 15,000

9) 1000 LITER TANK ( WITH THE HELP OF FORM WORK AND WITH JOINTS ) Estimated cost Rs. 2,500

10)1000 LITER TANK ( WITH THE HELP OF FORMWORK WITHOUT JOINTS ) Estimated cost Rs. 2,500

11) 1000 LITER TANK( WITHOUT THE HELP OF FORM WORK) Estimated cost Rs. 2,500

12)GEOMEMBRANE LINED TANK Capacity 15,000 L Estimated cost Rs. 15,000

 The cost of building these tanks comes to Rs. 0.75 to 3.00 /L (based on 2012 rates) Tanks shown in slides 2,3,4,5 and 6 are not that common Tank type 3, 4, 5 and 6 have natural fibers used as a crack controlling material

PREVENTION OF WATER LOSS DUE TO EVAPORATION

Different types of lids/covers can be used to control evaporation of stored rainwaterA bamboo frame can be used. Rice husk / grass / coconut leaves can be used to make the cover. Once the tank is filled with rainwater, add 10 ml of nim oil over it to help in preventing evaporation.

Also due to strong smell of the oil, animals / insects dont come near the tank and tank remains safe.

RICE HUSK COVER

DRY GRASS COVER

COCONUT LEAVES` COVER

RAIN WATER FOR AGRICULTURE

82% of the agriculture land is Rainfed Due to irregular rains, many times water becomes unavailable when required by the kharip crops There can be time gap of 15-20 days between 2 rains. If we have stored the rainwater then it can be used during this dry period.

This way proper rainwater management can help farmers to take both kharip and rabbi crops

WAYS TO STORE RAN WATER

Type 1: 5 to 10% of the farm land can be used to store the rainwater. This water can be used during dry spell during rainy season. In North-east India and Kerala we can see this kind of farming . It is called On Farm Reservoir there.

Type 2: The soil that cant retain water, plastic sheet can be used at the bottom to prevent seepage. Rabbi crops need less water. Last rains of the season stored will be sufficient.

FARM POND
A Farm pond is build to store the surface run-off during rains. Irregular rains have negative impact on crops and thus the farmers income

Storing rainwater can solve this problem.

If the soil is such that it retains water, then the cost of building farm pond is further reduced.

Otherwise use of sealant / lining material becomes essential.

 Maharashtra: Farm pond sizes are 10m x 10m with depth 1 3m to 30 m x 30 m with depth 2-3 m Government provides subsidy for pond building and cost incurred on sealant material. Konkan region: water seepage is major problem. Hence the pond should be dug at a place where soil appears moist even in the month of Feb / March. We have seen the farm pond at following places without the use of lining material

Pond / Talab
A POND / TALAB is a body of water that is surrounded by land

POND is useful for Storing water Groundwater recharge Fishery To store flood water

Talasari, Tluka Talasari, District Thane

 Stored water can be used for various purposes like drinking, agriculture, cattle, other daily water needs, to bring barren land under cultivation
A lake can provide the water needed for one complete village Size of the pond can be determined based on the need. Historically, the Ponds were built for about 150 villagers.

Number of lakes per village depend upon the population, animals and geographic conditions.

THANKS!