CHAPTER 12 : THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM & BODY DEFENSES

Saifulamri Bin Sailan

Nor Mazleen Binti Mansor

Nur Saliana Binti Ghazali

Nor Aini Binti Hashim

TOPIC REVIEW
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM & BODY DEFENSE

Lymphatic System

Body Defenses

Developmental Aspects of The Lymphatic system and Body Defenses

PART I
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

LYMPHOID TISSUES & ORGANS

Lymph Nodes Spleen

Thymus gland

Peyers patches
Tonsils

PART I
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC VESSELS
Lymph Nodes

LYMPHOID TISSUES & ORGANS

Thymus gland
Spleen

Peyers patches
Tonsils

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Transporting system that help the circulation of blood. Its bring the interstitial fluid that expelled from the blood vessel to the blood vessel back. Interstitial fluid happen because of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures. Interstitial fluid = lymph (clear water)

LYMPHATIC VESSELS
Form an elaborate drainage system that picks up this excess tissue fluid and returns it to the blood.
Function of lymphatic vessels 1. returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood. 2. absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and the subsequent transport of these substances to the venous circulation 3. defense against invading microorganisms and disease.

The right lymphatic duct

The thoracic duct

PART I
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

LYMPHOID TISSUES & ORGANS

Lymph Nodes
Spleen

Thymus gland

Peyers patches
Tonsils

LYMPH NODES
Help protect body by removing foreign material and producing lymphocytes

As lymph transported toward the heart, it is filtered through thousand of lymph nodes
Within lymph nodes are macrophages-which engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances Vary in shaped and size but most are kidney-shaped Less than I inch (approximately 2.5 cm) long serve as tiny filters, in which the lymphocytes actively attack any foreign substances that pass through the tiny spaces between cells

Particularly, large clusters of lymph nodes are found

in the inguinal, axillary and cervical regions of the body

PART I
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

LYMPHOID TISSUES & ORGANS

Thymus gland
Spleen

Lymph Nodes

Peyers patches
Tonsils

OTHER LYMPHOID ORGANS

SPLEEN THYMUS GLAND

TONSILS

PEYERS PATCHES

SPLEEN
Soft, blood-rich organ that filters blood. Instead of filtering lymph, the spleen filters and cleanses blood of bacteria, viruses, and other debris. Spleen provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillanceMost important function is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and returns some of their breakdown products to the liver.

Located in the left side of the abdominal cavity, just beneath diaphragm, and curls around the anterior aspect of stomach.

Cross section of spleen

THYMUS GLAND
The thymus is a large gland that covers the top of the heart in children. Function at peak levels only during youth. Lymphocytes migrate to the thymus from the bone marrow, where they divide rapidly forming what are called T-lymphocytes (T for thymus). The T-lymphocytes then migrate to other lymphatic organs where they mature and divide further.

Thymus is a lymphoid mass found low in the throat overlying the heart

Produces hormones, thymosin and others, that function in the programming of certain lymphocytes so they can carry out their protective roles in the body.

TONSILS
Three pairs of enlarged lymph nodes called tonsils occur in the pharynx (chamber at the back of the nose and mouth). The pharyngeal tonsils, also called adenoids, are at the back of the sinuses, the palatine tonsils are in the palate that separates the nasal and oral cavities, and the lingual tonsils are at the base of the tongue. The tonsils seem to play an important role in the immune response in children.

The job is to trap and remove any bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.
They carry out this function so efficiently that sometimes they become congested with bacteria and become red, swollen and sore a condition called tonsillitis.

PEYERS PATCHES
Resemble tonsils

Found in the wall of the small intestine

Macrophages of peyers patches are in an ideal position to capture and destroy bacteria (always present in tremendous numbers in the intestine)- its preventing bacteria from penetrating the intestinal wall.

Peyers patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues referred to as Mucosa-Associated

Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)

Collectively, MALT acts as a sentinel to protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts frok the never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities.

QUESTION 1
Which pair is correct, based on the diagram given?

I
A.

II

B. C. D.

I Tonsils Thymus gland Spleen Thymus gland

II Spleen Spleen Tonsils Tonsils

QUESTION 1
Which pair is correct, based on the diagram given?

I
A.
I Tonsils Thymus gland Spleen II Spleen Spleen Tonsils Tonsils

II

B. C.

D. Thymus gland

QUESTION 2
Which is NOT the function of lymphatic vessels A. Returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood B. Absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system C. Help protect body by removing foreign material and producing lymphocytes D. Defense against invading microorganisms and disease

QUESTION 2
Which is NOT the function of lymphatic vessels Returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood B. Absorption of fats and fatsoluble vitamins from the digestive system C. Help protect body by removing foreign material and producing lymphocytes D. Defense against invading microorganisms and disease A.

QUESTION 3
A

In which three regions of the body are the lymph nodes most dense?

QUESTION 3
In which three regions of the body are the lymph nodes most dense?
A. Cervical nodes B. Axillary nodes C. Inguinal nodes

END OF
PART I