MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

CONTENTS
Introduction Embryological development Masticator space Origin, Course, Insertion, Relation Muscles of Mastication Fascia- Masseteric, Temporalis, Pterygoid Mandibular sling Buccinator Muscle Nerve supply Blood supply Actions & Group actions Applied Anatomy Conclusion References

EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPEMENT

Mesoderm of the 1st Branchial Arch

MASTICATOR SPACE
(PARVIZ)

CONTENTS 4 Muscles of Mastication Ramus & Posterior portion of body of Mandible Fascia Masseteric , Pterygoid, Temporalis

MASSETER
Quadrilateral / Rectangular Covers lateral surface of Ramus of mandible 3 superimposed layers, that blend anteriorly. (PARVIZ JANFAZA)

ORIGIN,
MOST ANTERIOR FIBRES arises as a thick aponeurosis = Maxillary pocess of zygomatic bone(GRAYS) SUPERFICIAL (largest) = anterior 2/3 lower border, Zygomatic Arch

ORIGIN,
MIDDLE = anterior 2/3

posterior 1/3

deep surface & lower border zygomatic arch DEEP = posterior 1/3 deep surface zygomatic arch

Course of masseter

Superficial layer passes downwards& backwards at an angle of 45 degree Middle & Deep Layer pass vertically downwards

INSERTION,
SUPERFICIAL, = posterior lower , lateral surface, Ramus & angle of mandible MIDDLE = central part, lateral, Ramus DEEP

&

= upper , lateral, Ramus lateral surface,Coronoid Process

 Middle & Deep layers together constitute the deep part of the masseter, refd to in the NOMINA ANATOMICA ( MacDougall ,1955 ); they form a cruciate muscle (GRAYS)

RELATIONS,
SUPERFICIAL - Skin - Platysma - Risorius - Zygomatic Major - Antr part,Parotid Gland - Parotid duct - Facial n, terminal brs - Transverse Facial vessels

 DEEP

- Ramus - Lower part of Temporalis - Massetric n & a , reach the deep surface of m. by passing through the Dorsal part of Mandibular Incisure ANTERIORLY - Buccinator - Buccal n POSTERIORLY Parotid gland

PAROTID MASSETERIC FASCIA

Covers Masseter (except,as its deep upper portion.
Here there is a communication with fascial planes associated with the insertion of temporalis m.) &splits to invest ParotidGland

Attaches, Zygomatic arch Lower border of Mandible Continues, Investing Cervical Fascia over Sternocleidomastoid m,

Extends deep & fuses with, Fascia of Posterior Belly of Digastric m. as Stylomandibular ligament.
Encircles, anteriorly- Ramus deep- Medial Pterygoid m. Fuses with, dense&tough superficial fascia covering parotid gland. Irregular septa into the gland.

TEMPORALIS
Fan shaped Fills Temporal Fossa ORIGIN, Bones forming Temporal fossa (excluding zygomatic bone) Temporal Fascia (deep surface)

Course,
Antr fibres- vertically downwards Postr fibres horizontally forwards Intermediate obliquely

-------- converge to form a tendon (TEMPORALIS TENDON) & pass thr gap b/w Zygomatic arch and side of the skull

INSERTION,
Coronoid Process, = deep (medial) surface + = margins (apex, anterior & posterior border) Ramus, anteromedial aspect, nearly to the last molar tooth

(GOSLING)

RELATIONS,
SUPERFICIAL -Skin -Auricularis anterior -Auricularis superior -Temporal branch-Facial n -Zygomatico temporal nerve -Superficial temporal a & v -Galea aponeurotica -Zygomatic arch -Masseter m

 DEEP, -Temporalis fossa -Lateral pterygoid m -Superficial head, medial pterygoid m -Buccinator m -Maxillary artery -Deep temporalis n -Buccal vessels & n

TEMPORAL FASCIA
The most cranial extension of the Deep Cervical
Fascia Thick Fibrous Aponeurotic sheets, covers Temporalis Supr, single layered Superior Temporal Line Infr, splits into 2 layers inner&upper lips, upper bor, Zygo arch. Gap b/w 2, - Zygomatic br.of Superficial Temporal a. - Zygomaticotemporal n. Continues, Masseteric Fascia

Relations, Temporal Fascia

SUPERFICIAL- 1.Skin 2.Auricularis Anterior Auricularis Superior (gives origin to) 3.Superficial Temporal a & v 4.Auriculo-temporal N 5.Facial N temporal br 6.Galea Aponeurotica (Epicranial Aponeurosis) DEEP (gives origin to) superficial fibers of Temporalis

LATERAL PTERYGOID
2 heads upper, small _ lower, large

ORIGIN
UPPER HEAD. = Infratemporal surface = Infratemporal crest of Greater Wing of Sphenoid LOWER HEAD = Lateral surface of Lateral Pterygoid Plate

Course,

Both heads converge & run Backwards_laterally

INSERTION,
Pterygoid Fovea (a depression), on Anterior surface, Neck of mandible Anterior margin of, Articular disc & Capsule of TMJ

INSERTION,
Pterygoid Fovea (a depression), on Anterior surface, Neck of mandible Anterior margin of, Articular disc & Capsule of TMJ

Relations

key muscle of the region,because its relations provide a fair idea about the layout of structure in Infratemporal Fossa SUPERFICIAL 1.Ramus 2.Maxillary a 3.Tendon of temporalis 4.Masseter

 1.Deep head of Medial Pterygoid m. 2.Sphenomandibular Ligament 3.Middle Meningeal a 4.Mandibular n

DEEP

STRUCTURES EMERGING AT THE UPPER BORDER 1.Masseteric n 2.Deep Temporal n

STRUCTURES EMERGING AT THE LOWER BORDER 1.Lingual n 2.Infr.Alveolar n 3.Middle Meningeal a STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE GAP BETWEEN 2 HEADS 1.Maxillary a 2.Mandibular n, Buccal br Pterygoid Plexus Of Veins Surround The Lateral Pterygoid

MEDIAL PTERYGOID
Quadrilateral Muscle 2 heads Superficial, small Deep, large

ORIGIN
Superficial - Tuberosity of Maxilla - Grooved surface (Lateral aspect)of Pyramidal process,Palatine bone Deep - Medial surface,Lateral Pterygoid Plate adjoining part of Pyramidal process,Palatine Bone

course
Incline obliquely, run Downwards_Backwards_Laterally

INSERTION
as a strong tendinous lamina, Roughened area on the Medial surface of Angle adjoining part of Ramus below Mandibular Foramen behind Mylohyoid Groove

RELATIONS
SUPERFICIAL (upper part)- seperates Lateral Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid Plate Lingual Nerve Inf.Alveolar Nerve Superficial (lower part) seperates Ramus Lingual Nerve Inf. Alveolar Nerve Maxillary Artery Sphenomandibular Ligament

DEEP
Superior Constrictoranteriorly,tendinous band i.e. Pterygomandibular Raphe crossed by, Styloglossus m Stylopharyngeus m Stylohyoid ligament Glossopharyngeal n. Gap b/w upper border of superior constrictor & base of skull Tensor palati Levator palati Anterior to Tensor palati, Medial Pterygoid plate (I. Singh)

PTERYGOID FASCIA
Encases both Pterygoid muscles and attaches to the Stylomandibular Ligament Between the sphenoid spine and the lingula of the mandible facial condensation to form the sphenomandibular ligament The terminal part of this facia between the sphenoid spine and the posterior margin of the lateral pterygoid muscle is called the pterygospinous ligament

MANDIBULAR SLING
Mac Conaill (1975) the most superficial fibres of masseter are continuous at the lower border of the mandible with the attachment of the medial pterygoid m. The attachments of the medial pterygoid & the masseter muscle provide a muscular sling that suspends the angle of the of the jaw.

 They provide a functional articulation b/w the

maxilla & mandible,with the TMJ acting as a guide When the jaw opens or closes, the mandible moves along a center of rotation created by the attachment of the sling & the sphenomandibular ligament

Buccinator muscle
Which assists in chewing by helping ( to keep food b/w upper & lower teeth) & (away from the cheeks) Is not classified as Muscle of Mastication as it does not move the mand (Mc Minns )

MOTOR NERVE INNERVATIONS, 5TH Cranial Nerve, Mandibular br. -Masseteric N -Antr & Postr Deep Temporal N Lat.Pterygoid -N to Lat.Pterygoid Med.Pterygoid- N to Med. pterygoid MasseterTemporalis-

Blood Supply

MAXILLARY ARTERY
(second part)

ACTION, MASSETER

Elevation Protrusion / Protraction ( by, Anterior fibres )

ACTION, TEMPORALIS

Elevation Retraction ( by, Posterior horizontal fibres )

ACTION, LATERAL PTERYGOID

Depression Protrusion Side to Side Movement

ACTION, MEDIAL PTERYGOID

Elevation Protrusion Side to Side Movement

ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid

Biomechanics of the MASTICATORY SYSTEM

( Hannam )

Applied Anatomy_ Surgical Implications