3G Wireless

Tanuj Gilja Keith Douglas

Introduction

Imagine the possibilities of connectivity! Scenarios:

Traveler from New York to Tokyo Insurance appraiser at the scene of a natural disaster Paramedics capturing visuals of a victims injuries

Evolution of Wireless Systems

Radio telephony during World War I Wireless telephones in late 1940s

Provided only basic half-duplex voice Used analog technology

Evolved into full-duplex 1G systems in the 1960s

From 1G to 3G - 1G

Started in the early to mid 1960s offering simple wireless voice services based on analog technology Were very limited in capacity and did not extend across geographic areas Systems using 1G :
AMPS, TACS, and NMT

From 1G to 3G - 2G

Developed in Europe and the US to provide better voice quality, higher capacity as well as lower power consumption Offer support for simple non-voice services like SMS (simple messaging service) 2G technologies do not interoperate Difficult roaming between countries using different systems Cannot meet subscriber demands for new, faster non-voice services on the move

What is 2.5G Wireless?

Also known as Interim Generation GPRS (General Packet Radio service) & EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution)
Provides options for higher data rate while building on existing 2G systems
GPRS -> 171.2 kbps theoretical max bit rate EDGE -> 384 kbps bit rate

3G Wireless Systems

3G Wireless Systems are the new generation of systems that offer high bandwidth and support digital voice along with multimedia and global roaming. Globally, different systems are being used, so, to migrate to globally acceptable systems, numerous standardization activities were carried out and three systems emerged: W-CDMA, CDMA2000, and TDSCDMA

3G System Capabilities
Capabilities

to support circuit and packet data at high

bit rates:
144 kilobits/second or higher in mobility (vehicular) traffic 384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic 2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic

Interoperability
Common

and roaming

Billing/User Profiles

Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers Standardized call detail recording Standardized user profiles

3G System Capabilities .

Capability

to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal of Multimedia Services/Capabilities
Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on demand Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverse links Multimedia mail store and forward Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second

Support

The Road to 3G

2G

2.5G

3G

Comparison of Generations
1G 2G 3G

System Major Systems Application Local Subscriber Speed

Digital WCDMA,CDMA2000, AMPS,NMT,TACS GSM,CDMA,TDMA TD-SCDMA Voice + little Circuit Voice + PacketVoice switch-data switch-data More than 5Million Less than 500k About 5.9 Million (estimated) Depends on Analogue Signal 9.6kbps to 14.4kbps 144kbps for mobile to 2Mbps for stationary

Analogue

Digital

Properties

More secure data Multimedia data, Unstable, services available, positioning capability, incomplete coverage broader coverage, connection to and poor sound more stable, allow internet, always quality more users, better connected sound quality

What is W-CDMA?
Carrier spacing Parameters of WCDMA table 5 MHz (nominal) Insert here Downlink RF channel structure Direct spread Chip rate 3.84 Mcps Frame length 10 ms Number of slots/frame 15 Spreading modulation Data modulation Coherent detection Balanced QPSK (downlink), Dual channel QPSK (uplink) QPSK (downlink), BPSK (uplink) Pilot symbols/channel

W-CDMA..cont.
Channel multiplexing in uplink Multirate Spreading factors Power control Spreading (downlink) Control and pilot channel time multiplexed. For the data and control channels I and Q multiplexing Variable spreading and multicode 4 - 256 Open and fast closed loop (1.6 kHz) Variable length orthogonal sequences for channel separation. Gold sequences 218 for cell and user separation (truncated cycle 10 ms) Variable length orthogonal sequences for channel separation, gold sequence 218 for cell and user separation (different time shifts in I and Q channel, truncated cycle 10 ms) Soft handover, Interfrequency handover

Spreading (uplink)

Handover

More on 3G

CDMA Multi-Carrier (CDMA2000)

Uses 3.6864 Mcps which is 3 x 1.2288 Mcps that was used for the old CDMA one. They both use a 1.25 MHz channel and this effectively translates into 5MHz bandwidth (3.6864 x 1.25).

CDMA TDD (Ultra TDD & TD-SCDMA

Used only in China

CDMA2000 Evolution

Voice Data up to 14.4 Kbps

Voice Data up to 115 Kbps

2x increases in voice capacity upto 307 kbps* packet data on a single (1.25 MHz) carrier First 3G system for any technology worldwide

Optimized, very high-speed data (Phase 1) Up to 2.4Mbps* packet data on a single (1.25 MHz) carrier. Integrated voice and data (Phase 2); up to 3.09 Mbps

Comparison of Transmission Times

Applications Using 3G
Communication services Video telephony Video conference Personal location (GPS)

Education
Virtual schools On-line science lab

On-line library
On-line language labs Training

Applications Using 3G
Business services Mobile office Narrowcast business TV Virtual workgroups

Finance services
Virtual banking On-line billing Universal USIM and credit card

Expertise on tap
Entertainment

Audio on demand
Games Video clips Virtual sightseeing

3G / WLAN Integration

Why Integrate ?
To have access to high-bandwidth access where WLAN coverage is offered, while accessing wide area coverage of 3G at other places.

Problems : Continuity of Sessions. Security.

Implementing 3G and WLAN

Architecture - Functionalities include reuse of 3G subscription, network selection, 3G system based authentication, authorization and security using SIM/USIM card WLAN access will rely on existing 820.11 standards

Implementing 3G and WLAN

Security Problem in WLANs

Not too much of a problem in 3G, as the 3G Wireless component of the integration provides the necessary security features.

Implementing 3G and WLAN

Tightly coupled - uses a 3G core network to access WLAN Loosely coupled (preferred) - uses a WLAN gateway to directly access the internet

Key Parameters of 3G and 4G Systems

3G Frequency Band Bandwidth Data Rate Access Switching Mobile top speeds 1.8 - 2.5 GHz 5 - 20 MHz Up to 2 Mbps (384 Kbps deployed) W - CDMA / CDMA 2000 / TD -SCDMA Circuit / Packet 200 Km/h 4G 2 - 8 GHz 5 - 20 MHz Up to 20 Mbps MC - CDMA or OFDMA (TDMA) Packet 200 Km/h

Conclusion

3G technologies promise to deliver a lot and are slowly being put into effect. We have already started seeing the early features of 3G technologies being implemented in our phones, i.e., the video phones in the market. It remains to be seen how much of the promised features and applications are actually implemented in todays economy. However, they have been slow in coming in. Lets see what the future holds

REFERENCES
We are thankful to : Books / Periodicals
IEEE Communication Magazine November 2003, A number of articles on 3G/WLAN Integration. Alex Lightman with William Rojas, Brave New Unwired World: The Digital Big Bang and the Infinite Internet, J. Wiley & Sons, c2002. Clint Smith, Daniel Collins, 3G Wireless Networks, McGraw-Hill, c2002. John R. Vacca, Wireless Broadband Networks Handbook 3G, LMDS & Wireless Internet, McGraw-Hill, 2001. Jiangzhou Wang, Tung-Sang Ng, editors, Advances in 3G Enhanced Technologies for Wireless Communications , Artech House Publishers, c2002. Vijay K. Garg, Wireless Network Evolution 2G to 3G, Prentice Hall PTR, 2002. Ramjee Prasad, Werner Mohr, Walter Konhauser, Third Generation Mobile Communication Systems, Artech House Publishers, 2000. Morgan Stanley, Inc Report on Wireless Technology, June 10, 2002 Andrew S. Tannenbaum, Computer Networks, Prentice Hall PTR, 2003.

REFERENCES

Websites
About/Cellphones <http://cellphones.about.com/library/glossary/bldef_3g_wireless.htm> White Paper on WCDMA, InterDigital, Inc. <http://www.interdigital.com/tech_products_wcdma.shtml> www.3g-generation.com www.fcc.gov www.cdg.org www.3gsm.org www.3g-newsroom.com

Two Questions for Exam

1 Name two 3G Wireless Systems? 2 What is the Data Rate for 3G Wireless Systems

The Answers

1 Name two 3G Wireless Systems?

WCDMA CDMA-2000 TD-CDMA

2 What is the Data Rate for 3G Wireless Systems?

2 Mbps

Thank You!

Any questions ?