UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Improving the seismic resistance of cultural heritage buildings

P.B. Loureno, Daniel V. Oliveira University of Minho Guimares, Portugal

Pere Roca Technical University of Catalonia Barcelona, Spain Claudio Modena University of Padova Padova, Italy

Buildings do not last for ever (I)

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Veneza, 1902

Pavia, 1989

Noto, 1996

Buildings do not last for ever (II)

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Cathedral of Mexico-City

Tower of Pisa

T1

T2 T3

Cathedral of Porto

Buildings do not last for ever (III)

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1755: One of the largest earthquakes in the world strikes Lisbon (estimated magnitude 9.0) Besides the lost buildings, among the cultural property losses are reported:
At the Trindade convent, various precious cult artefacts, organs and a large library At the Carmo convent and church all it had of value was lost At the S. Domingos convent, several precious furniture, silver and gold artefacts, and several libraries with 15000 volumes in golden binding At the S. Francisco monastery, all silver was melt and a library of 9000 volumes lost At the Esprito Santo monastery, a precious diamond custody and the large library burnt to ashes.

Carmo church ruins, Lisbon

Santa Maria church, Beja

Buildings do not last for ever (IV)

UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

1990-2005 India suffered the effects of six destructive earthquakes January 26, 2001, 7.9 Magnitude earthquake stroke Bhuj, Gujarat

Parag Mahal, Bhuj: Before and after the earthquake

Framework
Masonry and timber are the oldest structural materials
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Receive little attention in Architecture and Civil Engineering graduations, where steel and concrete seem to be the sole structural materials

Insufficient knowledge on traditional materials and techniques, result in inefficient interventions...

Strong bias in the rehabilitation of existing constructions Incorrect safety assessment

Recent European timber and masonry codes (EC 5 and 6) are available, together with recommendations
BSSC, Prestandard and commentary for seismic rehabilitation of buildings, FEMA 356, 2000. ICOMOS, Recommendations for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage, 2001. ISO, Basis for design of structures Assessment of existing structures, ISO 13822, 2003. CEN, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 3: Strengthening and repair of buildings, prEN 1998-3:2004, 2004.

ICOMOS METHODOLOGY
Historical investigation (documents)
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DATA ACQUISITION

Survey of the structure=document Field research and laboratory testing Monitoring Structural scheme: Model

STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR

Material characteristics
Actions Historical analysis

DIAGNOSIS AND SAFETY

Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Experimental analysis Masonry

Explanatory

Report

REMEDIAL MEASURES

Timber Iron and steel Reinforced concrete

Execution Documents

Asia-wide Programme: EU-INDIA ECONOMIC CROSS CULTURAL PROGRAMME Project Title: IMPROVING THE SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Project Contract N: ALA/95/23/2003/077-122 Period: JANUARY 19, 2004 DECEMBER 31, 2006 Project Leader: UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO, PORTUGAL

Partners: TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA, SPAIN

CENTRAL BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INDIA UNIVERSIT DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA, ITALY

Case Studies: Monastery of Jernimos, Lisbon, Portugal

Cathedral of Palma Majorca, Spain Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India Cathedral of Reggio Emilia, Italy

Summary
The main objective of the project is the development of a social and economic argument, at Indian-European level, to support an earthquake protection innovative program for cultural heritage masonry buildings at risk. This will consider cultural heritage buildings / monuments in an earthquake prone area in India, identify seismic input scenarios and specific vulnerability features, produce a risk analysis with respect to different return periods, and study advanced upgrading and strengthening techniques. The Plan of Action is based on a multidisciplinary approach, entailing aspects of risk analysis, in situ survey and monitoring, numerical analyses and the design/application of innovative strengthening strategies. The objective is to devise strengthening strategies that, based on thorough knowledge of the traditional craft and material, can use modern materials and techniques to prevent vibration borne damage to the structures and to the decorative apparatus. Case study based approach.
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Case Studies (I)

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Monastery of Jeronimos, Lisbon, Portugal World Heritage Site

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Case Studies (II)

Cathedral of Majorca, Spain

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Case Studies (III)

Reggio Emilia Cathedral, Italy

Case Studies (IV)

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Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India World Heritage Site

Conference in New Delhi

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V International Conference on

Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions

November 6-8, New Delhi More recent events: Padova (2004) 350 participants Guimares (2001) 500 participants www.sahc2006.org

New International Journal

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Starting in 2007 Published by Taylor & Francis http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/ 15583058.asp

Highlight 1 Simplified Methods

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Different structural layouts Simple and fast methods of analysing the large existing building stock

Simplified Methods (I)

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15 19 10

One European sample with 44 monuments

One Portuguese sample with 55 monuments

Simplified Methods (II)

1
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
0.10
All indexes 1
0.3

Threshold Index 1 (X dir)

3
"SAFE"

0.2

1.0
"UNSAFE"

A "S

" FE N SA

" FE

2.5
0.1

"U

"S

" FE N SA

" FE

0.03 PGA / g 0.25

0.0

1.0
0.0 0.1

"U

Recommendations for:
PGA 0.3 0.25 / g 0.4

0.2 PGA/g

0.3x0.25
0.3

In-plan indexes PGA / g Out-of-plan indexes

All indexes 5 c

0.2

0.1

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 PGA/g 0.3 0.4

Highlight 2 Monastery of Jernimos

UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

The crown asset of Portuguese heritage buildings

Construction from 1499 Built with limestone Considerable dimensions in plan, more than 300 50 m2, and an average height of 20 m (50 m in the towers). Evolves around two courts. The larger court is bordered by a long arcade of two levels that hosts the Ethnographic Museum of Archaeology and the Maritime Museum. The smaller court or the Cloister is bordered by the Church, the Sacristy, the Chapter Room, the Refectory.

The Church of Monastery of Jernimos

1 3

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Views

Cross-sections

In-situ Investigation (I)

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Tiles removal for visual inspection

Radar inspection

Wallets for supporting tiles (20th century)

Ribs visual inspection

In-situ Investigation (II)

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Detection of ties

Samples for physical / chemical analysis

In-situ Investigation (III)

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Longitudinal cross-section

Transept cross-section

Nave cross-sections Plan of the nave

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In-situ Investigation (IV)

Tilting of the columns

In-situ Investigation (V)

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GPR and UPV in columns

dB | (1.0 g) / Hz

Frequency Domain Decomposition - Peak Picking Average of the Normalized Singular Values of Spectral Density Matrices of all Data Sets.

20

10

-10

-20

-30

-40

10 Frequency [Hz]

15

20

25

Dynamic identification

In-situ Investigation (VI)

V

C2
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C1 TS2 TS1

Strong motion on the roof

C2 C1 TH

TS4

TS3

TS5

TS4

Legenda:
Cablagem SENSORES: Cn TSn D Clinmetro (nmero) Temperatura na superfcie (nmero) Sistema de aquisio e armazenamento de dados

TS2

TS1

Strong motion in the base

Notas:
- Todas as cotas devem ser confirmadas no local

Requerente: Departamento de Engenharia Civil Campus de Azurm 4800-058 Guimares Processo: Desenhou: Escalas:

Monitoring

Instituto Portugus do Patrimnio Arquitectnico Direco Regional de Lisboa

Desenho:

04-DEC/E-?

Ficheiro: Plano_Monitorizacao.dwg Verificou:

Descrio:

1/200

Data:

Julho 2004

Igreja do Mosteiro dos Jernimos Plano de Monitorizao (Cortes)

N03

Micro-zonation

Global Analysis
Full model with 135.000 dof
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Modal superposition

Non-linear with equivalent static loading

Deformed mesh N 21747 Torre

1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 11.36 16.11 25.49 22.60

Factor de Carga

0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.00 1.34 0.87 0.43 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.48 4.71 3.48

Load-displacement diagram

Deslocamento z (cm)

Details

Nave Analysis
2.5 2.0
Load Factor

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1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.00 Column Vault key

Non-linear Analysis: Loading = Self-weight ft = 0 fc, masonry = 6 N/mm2 fc, infill = 1 N/mm2
0.30

0.10

0.20

Vertical displacement (m)

Load displacement diagram

Incremental deformed mesh

Works in Progress
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Dynamic global study for safety assessment

Study of the possible placement of an organ in the upper choir (20 tons)

Proposal of remedial actions

Highlight 3 Dissemination
DVD freely distributed in Congress in India (November 2006)
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Distribution of the database on multi-media support of structural information on the 54 monuments in Europe and India Preparation of a 15 minutes DVD professional video of the project Design and validation of monitoring systems and sensors

State of the art for remedial techniques in historical structures, including a comprehensive discussion on the case studies and a benchmark on dynamic identification techniques and advanced structural analysis
Guidelines for seismic strengthening of historical structures Development of a 3D virtual model for Qutub Minar, including building process, flow of forces, possible structural collapse and strengthening

UNIVERSITY OF MINHO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Improving the seismic resistance of cultural heritage buildings

P.B. Loureno, Project Coordinator pbl@civil.uminho.pt www.civil.uminho.pt/masonry - www.civil.uminho.pt/eu-india University of Minho Guimares