Constitution of Liberty Articles 4 & 5

macaampued Philippine Government

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What is Citizenship?
Term used denoting membership in a political society; duty of allegiance ( member) and protection (state)

Citizen is a person having the title of citizenship

Understanding Nationality and Nationals The subject and the alien

 Who are the Citizens of the Philippines?

Those who are Citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; Those whse fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. (SECTION 1)

 Involuntary method by birth; blood relationship or place of birth (natural born);

Jus Sanguinis blood relationship is the basis Jus Soli/ Loci place of birth serves as the basis for acquiring leadership

Voluntary method naturalization; naturalized citizens

Adoption of the Constitution, 2 Feb. 1987 Dual Citizenship Citizens through 1935 Constitution Naturalization should be guided by our own national interest

What is Naturalization?
Naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and clothing him/ her with the rights and privileges of citizenship
It is a privilege in our county.

Judgement of the court; direct act of congress; administrative proceedings;

Sec. 2 Natural born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth

Natural born citizens Adoption of the new constitution Through election Naturalized citizens

Sec. 3 Philippine citizenship may be lost

Voluntarily - naturalization in a foreign country - renunciation of citizenship - subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution and laws of a foreign country; and - rendering service to the armed forces of another country Involuntarily
- cancellation of certificate - deserter in time of war Issue of repatriation

Sec. 4 Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship
Effect of marriage of citizen to an alien -

Sec. 5 Dual alleginace of citizens is inimical

Dual citizenship is the continued allegiance of naturalized nationals to their mother country even after having acquired Filipino citizenship. Derivative Citizenship

Scope of Suffrage
ELECTION people choose their officials for definite and fixed periods PLEBISCITE vote of the people expressing their choice for or against a proposed law or enactment REFERENDUM ratification or rejection of a law or a part of it by the national or local body INITIATIVE process whereby the people directly propose and enact laws RECALL method by which a public officer may be removed from office

Qualifications of Voters
Citizen not disqualified by law; at least 18 and have resided in the Philippines for at least 1 year and the place where he proposes to vote for at least 6 months preceding the election Rationale of Age Qualification; Residence Disqualified Voters Lowering of Voting Age from 21 to 18 Removal of Literacy Requirement Property required prohibited Education; Sex; taxpaying ability Compulsory Suffrage

Sec. 2 system of secrecy and sanctity of ballot

Untrammeled exercise of the right to vote
Voting by the disabled and illiterates Absentee voting