Introduction to Medical Terminology Victoria Fils, EdD, MPH, RHIT

Endocrine System

Endocrine System: Terms

(adren/o- = adrenal) + (-pathy) = (adrenal/o- = adrenal) + (-ectomy) = (hypophys/o- = pituitary gland) + (-eal) = (oophor/o- = ovary) + (-itis) =

Endocrine System: Terms

(ovari/o- = ovary) + (-ian) = (oophor/o- = ovary) + (-itis) = (orch/o- = testis) + (-itis) = (orchi/o- = testis) + (-pexy = surgical fixation) =

Endocrine System: Terms

(orhcid/o- = testis) + (-ectomy) = (pancreat/o- = pancreas) + (-ectomy) = (hyper- = excessive) + (parathyroid/o- = parathyroid gland) + (-ism) = (hypo- = insufficient) + (pituitar/o- = pituitary gland) + (-ism) =

Endocrine System: Terms

(thym/o- = thymus gland) + (-oma) = (thyroaden/o- = throid gland) + (-itis) = (thyroid/o- = thyroid gland) + (-ectomy) =

Endocrine System: Pathology

Acromegaly:
Enlarged extremities and facial bones Due to hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hypophysis after puberty

Cushing Syndrome:
Hypersecretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex Weight gain, moon-like facies, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis

Endocrine System: Pathology

Goiter:
Enlarged thyroid gland Nodular or non-nodular

Hyperthyroidism:
Excessive production of thyroxine by thyroid gland AKA: Graves disease Increased metabolism:
Tachycardia Weight loss Tremor Perspiration Hair loss exopthalmia

Endocrine System: Pathology

Diabetes Mellitus:
Type 1:
Insulin Dependent: IDDM Inability of pancreatic cells to make insulin Juvenile onset

Type 2:
Inability to produce enough insulin Insulin resistance Adult onset Treated with oral antihypoglycemics and life-style changes

Endocrine System:
Tests and Procedures
Computed Tomography:
Cross-section X-Ray

Exophthalmometry:
Measurement of protrusion of eyeball

Serum and urine tests:

Measure of glucose, electrolytes and hormones in blood and urine

Fasting Blood Sugar:

Measure of blood glucose while fasting taken at sequential intervals

Thyroid function tests:

Measurement of T4 (thyroxine), T3, and TSH in blood Indicates thyroid function

Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

Magnetic waves used to produce images of interior structures in body

Thyroid scans:
Radioactive contrast is administered and then taken up by thyroid gland Nuclear scan produces image of gland to demonstrate presence of tumors and nodules

Radioactive Iodine Uptake:

Measure of the iodine contrast ingested by mouth that is taken up by thyroid gland

References
References:
Chabner: D, Medical Terminology: A Short Course Fils, V.