PILL CAMERA

(An application of Nanotechnology)

OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
The technology used to achieve manufacturing at molecular level is NANOTECHNOLOGY. The aim of technology is to make products in a large scale for cheaper prices and increased quality. The concept of nanotechnology is introduced by Drexel in the year 1981 through his article The Engines of Creation.

Image of the IBM spelled with 35xenon atoms

INTRODUCTION TO PILL CAMERA

o Pill camera is a tiny capsule can pass through our body, without causing any harm.
o

Imagine a vitamin pill-sized camera that could travel through your body taking pictures, helping diagnose a problem which doctor previously would have found only through surgery .

CONVENTIONAL METHOD
Endoscopic examination is replaced by pill camera

DISCRIPTION

The device, called the given Diagnostic Imaging System, comes in capsule form and contains a camera,

lights, transmitter and batteries.

The latest pill camera is sized at 26*11 mm and is capable of transmitting 50,000 color images through the during its traversal digestive system of patient.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSMITTER

In the transmitter block diagram the video signals are amplified using one SMD type transistor for efficient modulation.
In the bottom block, a tiny SAW resonator oscillates at 315 MHZ for modulation of the video signal.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RECEIVER

This circuit uses commercialized ASK/OOK (ON/OFF Keyed) super heterodyne receiver with an 8-pin SMD was used. This single chip receiver for remote wireless communications, which includes oscillator, fixed at a single frequency. The lightening LEDs also use significant amount of power. A high output current amplitude with a single supply is utilized to drive in capsule.

EXTERENAL CONTROL UNIT

Here the ON/OFF operation of the switch in front of the unit is encoded into 4 channels. To verify the operation of the external control unit and telemetry capsule,CH1 was used to control ON/OFF of CMOS image sensor and 2-4 to control led lighting. The proposed telemetry capsule can simultaneously transmit a video signal and receive a control determining the behavior of the capsule.

DRAWBACK & OVERCOME

o Patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing are not good candidates for this procedure due to the risk of obstruction. The first drawback is overcome using another product manufactured with the help of nanotechnology which is the rice- grain sized motor. o The pill will get stacked if there is a partial obstruction in the small intestine. o Impossible to control camera behavior. These two drawbacks can be overcoming a bidirectional telemetry camera.

WIRELESS ENDOSCOPY

CONCLUSION

In the near future most of the conventional manufacturing processes will be replaced with a cheaper and better manufacturing process nanotechnology. Scientists foresee that in the decades to come, with the help of nanotechnology one can make hearts, lungs, livers and kidneys, just by providing coal, water and even prevent the aging effect. Nanotechnology has the power to revolutionize the world of production.