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Vibrations are generally caused by: 1. UNBALANCE. 2. MISALINGMENT 3. MECHANICAL LOOSENESS 4. DEFECTIVE SLEEVE BEARINGS 5. ECCENTRICITY 6. GEAR PROBLEMS
7. ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS

8. RESONANCE 9. AERODYNAMIC AND HYDRAULIC FORCES 10. RUBBING

UNBALANCE: AbZg vibration

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Dynamic Unbalance

Static Unbalance

MISALIGNMENT

Angular : the center line of the two shafts meet at an angle.

Offset : the shaft center lines are parallel but detached from one another

A combination of angular and offset misalignment.

Effect :

Misalignment conditions result in destructive vibration

MECHANICAL LOOSENESS
The causes of mechanical looseness could be loose mounting bolts, excessive bearing clearance or a crack in' the structure of bearing housing .

ECCENTRICITY

Eccentricity means that the shaft (rotating) centerline is not the same as the rotor (geometric) center line.

DEFECTIVE SLEEVE BEARINGS

High levels of vibration or noise in sleeve bearings generally result from Excessive bearing clearance caused by wiping

lubrication problems.

GEAR PROBLEMS
Common problems, which cause vibration in gear, Cause :

excessive gear wear, gear tooth inaccuracies,

faulty lubrication and dirt or foreign material trapped in the gear teeth.

ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
Electrical problems normally consist of unequal magnetic forces acting on the rotor or stator. These unequal magnetic forces may be due to : Rotor not round Rotor and stator misaligned (rotor not centered in the stator)
Elliptical stator bore Broken bar

Open or shorted windings

RESONANCE

AERODYNAMIC AND HYDRAULIC FORCES

Machine which handle fluids will have vibration and noise due to the reaction of the vanes or blades on the impeller striking the fluid.
This type of vibration is common on pumps, fans and blowers.

RUBBING
Rubbing between the stationary and rotating parts of a machine may cause the Vibration If the rubbing is continuous, no particular vibration characteristics are likely.

However, a very high frequency of vibration and noise may be present due to friction exciting natural frequencies of the system.

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT

The three essential functional elements are 1. Transducer element 2.Signal conditioning element 3.Display or recording element.

mvavibZt `yB cKvi VIBRATION Gi GKKK cKvk Kiv nq ;

1)ACCELARATION mm/sec

2)Displacement micro-meter.

MARK V DISPLAY ON VIBRATION MONITORING SYSTEM

Vibration protection
Standard Vibration Measurements used for Tripping GT are Velocity Type on Bearing Housing Alarm setting = 0.5 inches / sec Trip setting = 1.0 inches / sec Total System is Tested for Integrity during Turbine Shut Down by Mark IV / V Panel

Vibration Protection
If All Gas Turbine Sensors are Disabled or Faulty

OR
If All Generator Sensors are are Disabled or Faulty

T GROUP DISABLED ALARM & TRIP

If 3 or more GT Sensors are Disabled or Faulty

OR
If 2 or more Generator sensors Disabled or faulty

T START INHIBIT

Here ,

L39VGTT --Vibration Trip Gas Turbine L39VGT --Vibration trip Generator L39VT --Vibration trip

Vibration Trip
Adjacent Sensor
OPTVTD Any Trip and if any Adj. Pair Disabled or Alarmed Any Trip and any Alarm from other Sensor Any Trip and if 2 or more Sensors are Disabled

OR

SET AND LATCH

L39VGTT Gas Turbine Trip

RESET
RESET

Any Trip and Any Alarm from another Sensor

OR
Any Trip if 2 Sensor Inputs or Disabled

SET AND LATCH

RESET

L39VGT

Generator Trip

Vibration Trip Contd..

L39VGTT OR L39VGT L39VT

HIGH VIBRATION TRIP

T

BB 1 BB 2
LK39DIFF

A
A >B B OR

Vibration Differential Alarm

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