E

X R

If R = 0 then sin = 1 i.e., = 900 If R = then sin = 0 i.e., = 00

 If we vary the value of R from 0 to then the current (I) is varying from it to zero (0) I1 = V/X at R = 0, the angle between V & I will be 900 I2 = V/Z is the current at R = R1 I3 = V/Z is the current at R = R2 I4 = V/Z is the current at R = R3 I5 = V/Z is the current at R = R4 V
I5

I4

I3 I2 I1

R1 < R2 < R3 < R4

0
Current (I)

Steps to construct the Circle Diagram

Requirements:
OC Test (Or) No Load Test SC Test (Or) Blocked Rotor Test

Step 1:
From No load test calculate the angle 0

Step 2:
From SC test calculate the angle SC

Let 1cm = 5 Amps (Current Scale) Let I0 = 8 A then I0 in current scale = 8/5 = 1.6 cms Draw the line of I0 =1.6cms with an angle of 0

Let ISN = 100 A then ISN in current scale = 100/5 = 20 cms Draw the line of ISN=20cms with an angle of SC

Draw a line is with and angle of 450 with 3.5 cm Length

The line is at an angle of 450 with 3.5 cm Length

 Draw the OO1 line with No-load current I0 with an angle 0 from O.C Test. Take 1cm = 5 Amps
Join O1A line that is Output line

A
Rotor Cu Losses

sc
0 I0

Stator Cu Losses

01

F G

Fixed Losses

0
Current (I)

 Draw the OA line with short circuit current ISN when Normal voltage is applied with an angle sc from Blocked Rotor Test. ISN = V(Isc/Vsc), Convert the ISN into current scale Draw the line joining O1 & E that is the Torque line Draw the perpendicular line from A to O1X1 & OX at F & G Draw the line parallel to OX to O1 Mark the point E at the center of the AF Draw the circle taking C as Center joining O1 , A and cuts the line O1X1 line at M Cut the O1A (Output line) at center by using Compass taking greater than half of the line, then it cuts the O1X1 line at C

Power Scale:
Calculate the length of AG with the help of Scale. (Let AG = 8.1cm)
Calculate the WSN from the SC test values (Let WSN = 28000 watts)

Where WSC is the SC test Power VSC is the SC test Voltage V is the applied voltage (normal Voltage)

Power Scale is WSN / AG ( = 28000 / 8.1) = 3456.7

i.e., 1 cm = 3456.7 watts is the Power Scale

In the Problem it will be given full load motor output

Let Motor output =14.9 Kw Convert this Motor output into Power scale

= 14900/ Power scale = 14900/ 3456.7 = 4.31 cms

Draw a line extending the line AG to S such that SA = 4.31 cm Draw a parallel line to output line which meets the Point S and cuts the circle at L

Roto Cu Lo

L
1 sc
0
I0

I1
01
C F G
Current (I)

Sta Cu L

Fixed Los

 Power Factor = Cos

= LK / OL

L
1

Ro Cu L

Rotor Output

I1
V

M N
sc
0 I0

St Cu

J 01 K
G
Fixed Losses F C

Fixed Lo

 Efficiency = Output / Input

= ML / LK

1 Slip = rotor output / rotor input = N / NS

= LM / LN

Slip = Cu Losses / P2
= MN / (LM + MN) = MN / LN

Rotor Input (P2) = Rotor output + Rotor cu Losses

= LM + MN